河南省小麦田杂草组成及群落特征

为明确河南省小麦田杂草的种类组成和群落特征,采用倒置"W"9点取样法对河南省36个区县的小麦田杂草进行了调查。结果表明,小麦田杂草有77种,隶属于20科65属,其中以禾本科、菊科、十字花科为主;优势杂草有10种,分别为播娘蒿、野燕麦、荠菜、猪殃殃、婆婆纳、麦家公、麦瓶草、节节麦、雀麦、硬草;常见杂草有28种,一般性杂草有39种。从杂草区域分布来看,伏牛山区小麦田杂草群落的物种丰富度、多样性最高,杂草有49种,Shannon-Wiener指数最高,为2.94;豫南平原区Pielou指数最小,为0.75,Simpson指数最高,为0.098,优势杂草突出。聚类分析结果表明,河南省小麦田的杂草群落可以划分为3组,第1组为豫北平原区、豫南平原区和伏牛山区的杂草群落,第2组为南阳盆地区和桐柏大别山区的杂草群落,第3组为太行山区的杂草群落。

Species composition and characterization of weed communities in wheat fields in Henan Province

To determine the weed composition and structure in wheat fields in Henan Province, the weed species was investigated by the sampling method of inverted "W"-pattern with nine sampling points. The results showed that 77 weed species were present, which belonged to 65 genera in 20 families, mainly including Poaceae, Asteraceae and Cruciferae. Descurainia sophia, Capsella bursa-pastoris, Avena fatua, Galium aparine, Veronica didyma, Lithospermum arvense, Silene conoidea, Aegilops tauschii, Bromus japonicus and Sclerochloa kengiana were dominant weeds in Henan Province, and these weeds could cause serious damage. Twenty-eight species were regionally common weeds and 39 species were normal weed species. The species richness and diversity in Funiu Mountain regions were the highest among all regions, with 47 species of weeds and a Shannon-Wiener index of 2.94. The Pielou index of southern Henan Plain regions was the lowest (0.75), and Shannon-Wiener index was the highest (0.098), and the dominant weeds were prominent. The structure of weed community in Henan Province could be categorized into three groups. The first group contained weed species from the southern and northern Henan Plain regions and Funiu Mountain region; the second group contained Nanyang Basin region and Tongbai-Dabie Mountain region, and the third group contained Taihang Mountian region.