TDZ在小麦花药培养中的作用

为了进一步提高小麦花药培养效率,以8个小麦杂交F1代为供试材料,通过在培养基中添加不同浓度的噻重氮苯基脲(thidiazuron,TDZ)探讨其对小麦花药培养的作用。结果表明,TDZ的作用与添加剂量及小麦基因型密切相关。在诱导培养基中添加TDZ对基因型中麦875/郑豫麦043具有负向调控作用,但对兰考198/黄明118、郑麦7698/西农979以及天禾7号/0836H-3则具有正向促进作用。TDZ的最佳添加剂量为0.05mg·L-1,可显著提高3个基因型的胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗产率,其中兰考198/黄明118胚性愈伤组织诱导率和绿苗产率最高,分别达到25.1%和8.7%。同样,在分化培养基中添加一定剂量的TDZ,对4个基因型的愈伤组织分化均表现正向促进作用,TDZ的适宜浓度范围为0.5~1.0mg·L-1,以添加0.5mg·L-1的处理表现最优,能够显著提高绿苗分化率和绿苗/白苗比率;基因型兰考198/黄明118的绿苗分化率和绿苗/白苗比率最高,分别达50%和1.87。研究还表明,在诱导培养基或分化培养基中添加TDZ还能够促进绿苗增殖,提高单倍体自然加倍效率。本研究结果将有助于小麦花药培养技术的优化,进而提高花培育种效率。

Effect of Thidiazuron on Anther Culture Efficiency of Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

In order to improve the efficiency of wheat anther culture, eight wheat genotypes were taken as materials to study the effects of thidiazuron (TDZ) in anther culture of wheat by adding different levels of TDZ in callus induction and plant regeneration media. The results showed that the efficiency of TDZ depended closely on its concentrations and the genotypes. TDZ had negative regulating effect on genotype Zhongmai 875/Zhengyumai 043, but had positive promoting effect on other three genotypes. The best concentration added in induction medium was 0.05 mg·L^-1, which could significantly increase the embryo-like callus induction rate and the green plantlet regeneration rate of the 3 genotypes (Lankao 198/Huangming 118, Zhengmai 7698/Xinong 979 and Tianhe 7/0838H-3), the highest from Lankao 198/Huangming 118 with a callus induction rate of 25.1% and a green plantlet induction rate of 8.7%. TDZ added in differentiation culture medium also had the positive promoting effects on callus differentiation of the 4 genotypes. The suitable concentration range was between 0.5~1.0 mg·L^-1 and the best was 0.5 mg·L^-1, which could significantly increase the green plantlet regeneration rate and the green plantlet/albino ratio. The genotype Lankao 198/Huangming 118 had the highest green plantlet differentiation rate and green seedling/albino ratio, reaching to 50% and 1.87,respectively. Furthermore, TDZ supplemented in callus induction medium or in differentiation medium could also promote the green plantlet proliferation and improve the efficiency of haploid doubling.The results would be helpful to the optimization of wheat anther culture technology and wheat breeding program.