宽幅硬茬播种对冬小麦生长、产量及品质的效应

为了解小麦宽幅硬茬播种的效应,2011-2012年在陕西凤翔县农技中心试验站,以中麦349为试验材料,比较分析了宽幅硬茬(玉米收获后不犁地直接播种,播幅10cm,行宽30cm)、宽幅软茬(玉米收获犁地后播种,播幅10cm,行宽30cm)和条播(玉米收获犁地后进行传统的15cm等行距条播)三种种植方式对小麦苗生长、产量及籽粒和面粉品质相关指标的影响。结果表明,与条播相比,宽幅硬茬播种可改善小麦个体生长和抗倒伏性能,增产12.6%,并显著提高籽粒容重、硬度及沉淀值、湿面筋含量、吸水率、面团最大抗延力等籽粒和面粉品质的指标值,但对面粉蛋白质含量和面团延展性没有显著影响。宽幅软茬播种较条播对小麦生长、产量及品质也具显著促进或改善作用,但总体效果不如宽幅硬茬。

Effect of No-tilled Wide Planting Pattern on Growth,Yield and Quality of Winter Wheat

Improving planting pattern is one of important and easy-implemented cultivation technologies to enhance the yield of wheat although there are a lot of other technologies for raising wheat production. One of the ways is the no-tilled planting,another important way developed by academician Yu Songlie from Shandong Agricultural University is the so-called wide planting of wheat. These technologies have been showed good effects for crop production. But these technologies have been merely separately studied and used in practice. This present study intended to explore the optimal combination of methods for winter wheat planting in order to maximize the effects of different planting methods. The experiment was conducted with winter wheat Zhongmai 349 in the experiment station of Fengxiang Extension and Service Center for Agricultural Science and Technology during 2011-2012. A random complete block design was applied with 3 planting patterns,i.e.,no-tilled wide planting,tilled wide planting and conventional tilled drilling planting,and with three replications. Effects of the three planting patterns on growth,grain yield and grain quality were compared. The results showed that compared to the tilled wide planting and the tilled drilling patterns,the no-tilled wide planting could significantly promote seedling growth and lodging resistance,increase grain yield by 8.3% and 12.6%,respectively,as well as increase grain density,grain hardness,sedimentation value,wet gluten content,water absorption,and resistance to extension of the dough maximum force of the wheat flour,but did not significantly impact the protein content of wheat flour and dough extensibility. The tilled wide planting also could promote seedling growth,enhance yield and quality of grain and flour of wheat,compared to the tilled drilling pattern,but its effect was relatively small compared to the no-tilled wide planting pattern. Therefore,for improving both yield and flour quality of winter wheat,the no-tilled wide planting pattern was the best planting way.