典型工业区域中铬·铅·砷·镉的污染特征及影响评价研究

目的]以我国某典型工业区为研究对象,研究其污染特征和产生原因.方法]通过电感耦合等离子质谱仪（ICP/MS）检测方法调查工业区内水体和土壤中铬（Cr）、铅（Pb）、砷（As）和镉（Cd）的浓度水平,并采用单项污染指数和综合污染指数法进一步对污染状况进行影响评价.结果]水体中Cr质量浓度水平相对较高（最高质量浓度为303 μg/L）;土壤样品中Pb、As和Cd污染极其严重（最高质量浓度分别为2 719.7 mg/kg、91.8 mg/kg和19.6 mg/kg）.根据我国地表水Ⅲ类标准和土壤二级标准值计算,水体中Cr最高浓度超过评价标准5.06倍;土壤中Pb、As和Cd最高浓度分别超过评价标准8.07倍、2.67倍和64.27倍.水体（/土壤）中Cr、Pb、As和Cd单项污染指数平均值分别为：4.53（/0.08）、0.05（/0.83）、0.43（/1.14）和0.08（/7.08）;从综合污染指数来看,90.9％（10/11个）的水样和70.4％（19/27个）的土壤样品的综合污染指数大于1,表明研究区域水体和土壤中4种物质复合污染相对严重.相关性分析显示,土壤中Pb和Cd具有显著相关性（R2 =0.81）,表明两者可能为复合污染,有相同或者相近的污染源.结论]来源解析表明,工矿业生产中用到的原材料及排放的废弃物是污染主要来源.

Characteristics and Environmental Impact Assessment of Cr,Pb, As and Cd in Typical Industrial Park

Objective] With a typical industrial park in China as the research object,the pollution characteristics and causes were studied.Method] Cr,Pb,As and Cd were detected by ICP/MS,and environmental impact assessment was carried out by single pollution index and comprehensive pollution index.Result] The results showed that Cr concentration was higher than other metals in water samples （maximum concentration was 303 μg/L）,however,it was severe contamination by Pb,As and Cd in soil samples （maximum concentrations were 2 719.7,91.8 and 19.6 mg/kg,respectively）.Compared to class Ⅲ standard value and grade Ⅱ standard value in China＇s surface water and soil environment quality standards,the maximum concentration of Cr in water sample was more than 5.06 fold,and the maximum concentration of Pb,As and Cd in soil samples were more than 8.07,2.67 and 64.27 fold.The single average contamination values of Cr,Pb,As and Cd in water samples （/soil samples） were 4.53 （/0.08）,0.05 （/0.83）,0.43 （/1.14） and 0.08 （/7.08）,respectively.Comprehensive pollution indexes of 90.9% （10/11） water samples and 70.4% （19/27） soil samples were over 1.It was indicated that the water and soil in this region have been severely polluted by metals and metalloid.Further,it was found to correlate linearly between Pb and Cd detected in soil samples （R2 =0.81）,indicated that Pb and Cd probably had similar polluted sources.Conclusion] The analysis showed that the materials and wastes discharged during the industrial processes were the main sources of heavy metal （metalloid） contamination.