荔枝和龙眼部分珍稀种质的染色体观察

以荔枝和龙眼部分种质幼叶为材料，采用等体积饱和对二氯苯和2 mmol • L-1 8–羟基喹啉混合水溶液预处理，卡诺固定液固定，酸解与酶解相结合，改良卡宝品红染色，观察了体细胞染色体数。结果表明，‘裂叶’龙眼为单倍体（2n = x = 15），且生长表现良好；用以创建荔枝遗传图谱的作图群体母本‘马贵荔’和父本‘焦核三月红’及用以构建龙眼遗传图谱的两个作图群体母本‘凤梨朵’和‘石硖’，父本‘大乌圆’和‘中秋一号’均为二倍体（2n = 2x = 30），通过远缘杂交得到的2株荔枝和龙眼的属间杂种A和B也为二倍体，且生长良好；一些性状独特的荔枝，如‘紫娘喜’、‘无核荔’、‘MS-07’、‘SGA’、‘YA1’、‘YN4’，以及龙眼 ‘双季’也均为二倍体。

The Chromosomes Observation of Several Rare Germplasm in Litchi and Longan

Young leaves of several rare germlasm resources in litchi and longan were used to observe chromosome numbers and identify their ploidy after pretreated with the mixture of 1︰1 aqueous solution of saturated paradichlorobenzene and 2 mmol • L-1 8-hydroxyquinoline，fixed by Carnoy’s fixative，hydrolyzed with HCl and enzymes，and stained in improved Carbol-fuchsin. The results showed that ‘Lieye’longan was a haploid（2n = x = 15）and grew normally. The parents used to create three mapping groups，including litchi parent ‘Maguili’ and paternal ‘Jiaohesanyuehong’，and longan parent‘Fengliduo’，‘Shixia’and paternal‘Dawuyuan’，‘Zhongqiu 1’were all diploids（2n = 2x = 30）. The intergeneric hybrids（A and B）between Litchi and Dimocarpus were also diploids and could grow normally. Moreover，several germplasm resources with distinct trait including litchi‘Ziniangxi’，‘Wuheli’，‘MS-07’，‘SGA’，‘YA1’and‘YN4’as well as a longan‘Shuangji’were all diploids.