高粱主要农艺性状基因效应的研究

采用世代均值的多元回归法对中国高粱主要农艺性状基因效应进行了研究。结果表明，株高、地上节数及穗柄长主要以加性效应为主；这3个性状上位性效应亦重要。穗粒数、穗粒重及茎粗的显性效应占优势。它们的上位性效应似乎比加性效应更加重要。500粒重的加性效应、显性效应并重，但其上位性效应在某些组合仍起一定作用。株高的加性效应值为负值，说明中国高粱株高隐性基因较多，有利于中矮秆杂交种的培育。单株产量的显性效应值为正值，便于提高杂交种单产。

STUDIES ON GENE EFFECTS FOR MAIN AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN CHINESE SORGHUM

Gene effects were studied for main agronomic traits in Chinese Sorghum using mutiple regression of the generation means. The result shows that additive gene effects have major contributions to the inheritance of plant height, node number over ground and length of ear stem. Epistatic gene effects are also important for the three traits. Dominant gene effects are predominant for kernal number, kernal weight per ear and stalk diameter. Epistatic gene effects seem to be more important than addifive. But epistatie gene effects also have contributions in som crosses. Additive gene effects for plant height are negative. This shows that there are many recessive genes for plant height in Chinese Sorghum and these genes would be good for breeding middle-dwarf stalk variety. Dominant genes effects for grain yield per plant are positive, which would benefit increasing yield of hybrid varieties.