水稻谷粒外观性状和粒重的遗传研究

谷粒性状与水稻的产量和品质密切相关，阐明其遗传规律，对水稻品种改良有重要意义。利用主基因+多基因混合遗传模型对直立穗水稻品种3012与弯曲穗品种万特大粒杂交组合的P1、P2、F1和F2的粒长、粒宽和粒重进行了遗传分析。结果表明，粒长和粒宽的遗传均受1对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因共同控制。粒重的遗传受2对加性-显性-上位性主基因+加性-显性-上位性多基因共同控制。粒长和粒宽以多基因遗传为主，粒重以主基因遗传为主。控制这3个性状的基因均以加性效应为主，在育种时应采取不同的策略。

Inheritance of rice grain apparent traits and grain weight in rice

Grain traits were related with rice yield and quality. A better understanding toward the underlying inheritance basis of grain traits would guide molecular breeding. Based on the major gene polygene mixed inheritance model， we performed a genetic segregation analysis for the grain traits i.e. grain length， width and weight， with P1， P2， F1 and F2 in the cross of rice cv. 3012 and cv. Wantedali. The results showed that both grain length and grain width were controlled by one major gene with additive dominant epistatic effects plus polygene with additive dominant epistatic effects， while grain weight was regulated by 2 major genes with 2 additive dominant epistatic effects plus polygene with additive dominant epistatic effects. The inheritabilities of grain length and grain width were mainly dominated by polygene， while grain weight was dominated by major gene. For all the 3 grain traits studied， additive effects were principal．