农作物灾情田间调查分级规范的研究现状

近年来，农业气象灾害对中国农业生产的影响呈现危害范围逐年扩大、灾害程度逐年加重的态势，农作物灾情调查和灾害损失评估的研究越来越受到各级政府和部门的重视，为此，农作物受灾等级研判标准的重要性凸显。文章主要对中国现有的灾损评估方法及标准进行了归纳，主要包括农业部门在农情调度中对灾害的统计方法和气象部门对农业气象灾害等级的观测方法，还介绍了正在研究拟定中的农作物灾情田间调查分级规范，并指出农作物灾情田间调查分级的方法是一种将农业标准与气象标准相结合的方法，有利于将科学研究与生产实际相结合，并且便于各级部门及时采取科学的防灾减灾措施，将为农情调度、灾害损失评估、灾后农业生产自救提供科学依据。

Research status of grading rules for field investigation of crop disaster

These years, agro-meteorological disasters are getting more serious by day and are jeopardizing China ’ s agricultural in an extending range. Governments and departments at all levels are paying special attention of the researches regarding disaster investigation and loss evaluation. As a result, it is essential that we have a standard of damage assessment for meteorological disasters. This paper has summarized the existing damage assessment methods and standards, including statistical methods and observation methods of the meteorological disasters. Besides, the paper introduces the grading rules of meteorological disasters which are being formulated. It points out that the grading rules are a combination of both agricultural standards and meteorological standards which will be conducive to the application of scientific research on the production practice. Meanwhile, it is helpful to departments at all levels to adopt scientific measures to take precautions against natural calamities and provide scientific evidence for evaluating, assessing, and overcoming agricultural loss.