长江中下游麦区小麦品质改良设想

长江中下游麦区是我国唯一的弱筋小麦优势产业带,该麦区的沿江、沿海地区适宜发展弱筋小麦,其他地区适宜发展中筋小麦.弱筋、中筋小麦品种的品质遗传改良是该麦区重要育种方向之一.目前该麦区虽然育成并推广了一批弱筋、中筋小麦品种,基本满足了生产上对优质小麦品种的需求,但还存在一定的问题.如新育成的弱筋小麦品质并不优于扬麦9号和宁麦9号,中筋小麦面筋含量和强度还需提高.针对存在的问题,提出该麦区小麦品质改良的3个设想:(1)利用高分子量谷蛋白亚基缺失,降低面筋强度,培育优质弱筋小麦；(2)利用优质高分子量麦谷蛋白亚基组合,改善蛋白质组分,提高面筋强度,培育优质中筋小麦；(3)利用Wx蛋白亚基缺失,培育弱筋和中筋兼用型小麦,使该麦区小麦品种在蛋白质含量和面筋含量偏高而不能作为弱筋小麦使用时,利用其优良的淀粉品质加工品质较优的面条.

Concept on Wheat Quality Improvement in Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Valley

The middle and lower reach of Yangtze River Valley is the only main region for planting weak gluten wheat.In which,coastal area and region along the Yangtze River is the most suitable area for developing weak gluten wheat and other regions are suitable for growing moderate gluten wheat.The quality improvement of weak gluten and moderate gluten wheat are the main breeding objectives.Although a number of weak gluten and moderate gluten wheat varieties have been released to meet the market requirement for quality wheat generally,the progress is not significant,since the quality of new released weak gluten varieties is not superior than that of Yangmai 9 and Ningmai 9,moreover,the gluten strength of moderate gluten wheat is not enough.In order to resolve these problems,three approaches were suggested: (1) Use the null of HMW GS to reduce wheat gluten strength,thus breed weak gluten wheat with high quality.(2) Use preferable HMW GS combinations improving protein fractions and gluten strength to breed high quality moderate gluten wheat.(3) Use the deficiency of Waxy protein subunits to breed weak gluten wheat with good starch characteristics,which is acceptable for noodle making when its protein and gluten content is higher for biscuits due to over fertilizered or bad weather,but not sufficient for noodle making,and the insufficient can be compensated by its good starch characteristic.