辽西半干旱区整秸半覆盖技术及增产效应研究

秸秆覆盖能有效地集节天然降水、抑制蒸发 ,改善土壤物理性状 ,实现农业高产稳产。据在辽西低山丘陵半干旱区 5°～ 8°农坡地上进行的试验 ,玉米秸覆盖 90 0 0kg/hm2 ,土壤容重比对照下降 2 0 6%,最大毛管持水量增加 3 3 9%。坡地玉米最佳的玉米秸覆盖量为 15 0 0 0kg/hm2 、小麦秸覆盖量为 75 0 0kg/hm2 。在小麦秸最佳覆盖量条件下 ,玉米产量提高 2 9 4 5 %。秸秆覆盖量过大 ,不利于作物生长 ,产量易受到影响。

Study of Half Coverage Technique with Straw in Semi-arid Region in Western Liaoning and the Grain Production Increase Effect

Straw coverage can effectively collects rainfall, decrease evaporation, improve physical features of soil, and realize high and stable grain production. Based on the experiment on farmland with slope of 5 to 8 degree in semi arid hilly and small mountainous region in western Liaoning, soil bulk contrasted density decreases 2 06% and maximum capillary capacity increases 3 39% when covered with corn straw of 9 000 kg/hm 2. The optimum core straw coverage for slope corn is 15 000 kg/ hm 2, wheat straw is 7 500 kg/ hm 2. Corn production increased 29 45% when the land is covered by optimum wheat straw amount. Grain production will be easy to be influenced by too much straw coverage that is unfavorable to crop growth.