微生态制剂在水产养殖中的作用机理及应用研究进展

介绍了微生态制剂在水产动物健康养殖中的作用机制,以及微生态制剂在刺参养殖中的应用前景。微生态制剂在水产动物中的作用机理包括通过竞争来抑制病原菌生长（如黏附位点、营养、能源等）、通过代谢物（如抑菌物质、消化酶等）调节微生态平衡、提高免疫机能、改善水质、群体感应（quorum sensing,QS）。刺参生理生化反应、生活习性的研究为刺参微生态制剂的开发奠定了基础,也存在一些问题限制了它在刺参养殖中的应用,但微生态制剂仍然是抗生素最有潜力的替代品,具有广阔的应用前景。

Advance in the Mechanisms and Application of Microecologics in Aquaculture

Two aspects of microecologics mechanisms of action in aquaculture and prospect in applications in the culture of sea cucumber are discussed.The mechanisms of action in aquaculture are highlighted, including competition for adhesion sites and chemicals or available energy, regulation of the microecological balance by metabolites, enhancement of the immune response, improvement of water quality and quorum sensing(QS). The immune and digestive characteristics of Apostichopus japonicus, which are the basis for the development of microecologics, were introduced. Whereas the application in culture of sea cucumber was at the early stage of development, further reaserach is still needed. However the application of probiotics in aquaculture has shown to be promising, it is a kind of potential substitute for antibiotics to control latent pathogens in aquaculture.