海南岛主要土壤类型概要

根据现有资料,将海南岛的主要土壤类型,划分为7个土纲、20个土类,即:铁铝土土纲的砖红壤、砖红壤性土、赤红壤和黄壤等土类;半淋溶土土纲的燥红土和红色石灰土等土类;初育土土纲的紫色土、黑色石灰土、火山灰土、新积土、滨海砂土、幼年土、石质土、粗骨土等土类;半水成土土纲的潮土和山地灌丛草甸土等土类;水成土纲的沼泽土和泥炭土等土类;盐碱土土纲的海滨盐土土类,以及人为土土纲的水稻土土类等。本文着重就其地理分布、剖面形态,以及其理化性质等方面,分别做概要的说明,比较全面地反映了海南岛主要土壤类型的基本概貌。

MAJOR SOIL TYPES OF HAINAN ISLAND

The major soil types of Hainan Island may be divided into the following seven orders and twenty great groups. (1) The order of ferrallitic soil contains the great groups of laterite (latosol), lateritic soil, lateritic red soil and yellow soil. (2) The order of semi-eluvial soil contains the great groups of dry red soil and limestone red soil (terra rossa). (3) The order of initially developed soil contains the great groups of purple soil (purplish soil), black limestone soil (rendzina or rendizine), volcanic ash soil, new alluvial soil, coastal sandy soil, young soil, lithosol (litho-soil) and skeleton soil. (4) The order of semi-hydromorphic soil contains the great groups of Chao soil and mountain scrubby-meadow soil. (5) The order of hydromorphic soil contains the great groups of bog soil and peat soil. (6) The order of alkali-saline soil only contains the great group of solonchak. (7) The order of anthropic soil (man-made soil) only contains the great group of paddy soil (rice paddy soil). The geographical distribution, the profile morphology, and the physical and chemical properties of these major soil types are explained briefly.