基于主成分分析的高丛蓝莓品种果实品质综合评价

比较分析不同品种蓝莓果实品质特性，确定代表性品质指标，建立蓝莓品质综合评价体系，为蓝莓品质合理评价和优良蓝莓品种筛选提供理论参考。以26个高丛蓝莓品种果实为材料，测定其11项品质指标（单果质量、果实横径、果实纵径、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物质量分数 可溶性糖质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、糖酸比、维生素C质量分数、花色苷质量分数），并采用主成分分析方法进行果实品质综合评价。结果表明：26个蓝莓品种的11项果实品质性状中糖酸比、可滴定酸质量分数、单果质量和花色苷质量分数的变异系数较大，其变异系数分别为33.67%、32.25%、30.84%和28.48%。通过主成分分析确定单果质量、果形指数、可溶性糖质量分数、可滴定酸质量分数、花色苷质量分数和果实硬度可作为评价蓝莓果实品质的代表性指标；建立综合品质评价模型，并依据各品种的综合品质得分进行优良度排序，得分排名前10位的蓝莓品种依次为'大果蓝金'莱格西'公爵'日出'维口'蓝片'早蓝'蓝丰'爱国者'红利'，研究结果为大连地区蓝莓品种合理开发和应用提供了依据。

Comprehensive quality evaluation of highbush blueberry cultivars based on principal component analysis

Abstract: Blueberry is one of the most economically important nutritional fruits, particularly in popularity with the remarkable blue color and high health benefits of antioxidant potential. The purpose of this study was to establish a comprehensive quality evaluation of highbush blueberry using principal component analysis. A total of 11 quality indicators were selected (including single fruit weight, diameter of fruit, Longitudinal diameter of fruit, fruit shape index, fruit hardness, soluble solids mass fraction, soluble sugar mass fraction, titration acidity mass fraction, sugar acid ratio, vitamin C mass fraction, and anthocyanin mass fraction) for 26 highbush blueberry cultivars. There was a significant difference in the variation coefficient of the 11 fruit quality index of blueberry cultivars. In terms of fruit quality indexes, the coefficients of variation were 33.67%, 32.25%, 30.84%, and 28.48% for the sugar-acid ratio, titratable acidity, single fruit weight, and anthocyanin mass fraction, respectively. There was only 10.00% or less in the coefficient of variation of the fruit shape index. The medium variation coefficient (10.00% to 20.00%) was recorded in the six remaining fruit quality indices. Besides, principal component analysis was used to extract four principal components with eigenvalues greater than 1, where the cumulative variance contribution rate was 78.19%. Specifically, the contribution rate of the first principal component (28.05%) was determined as the reflected fruit size, i.e., fruit diameter, single fruit weight, and fruit longitudinal diameter. The contribution rate of the second principal component (25.89%) was determined as the parameters related to the sweet taste and nutritional quality of fruit, such as the soluble solid mass fraction, soluble sugar mass fraction, sugar-acid ratio, anthocyanin mass fraction, and vitamin C mass fraction. The third principal component accounted for 14.73% of the fruit acidity and fruit firmness, in terms of the titratable acidity and fruit firmness. The contribution rate of the fourth principal component was 9.52%, which was determined by the fruit shape index. Furthermore, six of 11 evaluated indexes (single fruit weight, fruit shape index, soluble sugar mass fraction, titratable acidity mass fraction, vitamin C mass fraction, and fruit firmness) were screened as the evaluation indexes of blueberry quality, which were characterized by the fruit size, fruit shape, sweet, sour, nutritional, and texture index. An excellent level order of 26 blueberry cultivars was achieved in the quality evaluation model: Big bluegold, Legacy, Duke, Sunrise, Weymouth, Bluechip, Earliblue, Bluecrop, Patriot, and Bonus. The findings can provide a theoretical reference to evaluate the blueberry quality, and then screen the blueberry varieties with excellent quality, particularly for the rational development and application of blueberry cultivars.