青岛地区紫花苜蓿田秋季杂草发生动态调查

为了了解青岛地区秋季为害苜蓿生产的主要杂草种类及其发生动态,作者于2012年8～10月在青岛畜牧科技示范园牧草试验基地的人工苜蓿田,采用普查与样线法相结合的方法,调查了主要杂草的发生种类及其生长动态。结果表明：在青岛地区紫花苜蓿田秋季发生的杂草种类有16种（隶属11科）,多为夏季1 a生和多年生杂草。出现数量较多、为害较大的杂草种类是以马唐、稗草和狗尾草为主的禾本科,以苍耳为主的菊科,以反枝苋和刺菜为主的苋科,以绿藜为主的藜科和以龙葵为主的茄科,其中优势种为禾本科。自8月开始,禾本科和藜科杂草已经开始结实,基本不再生长;其他科杂草处于苗期、营养期或花期,仍在生长。

The Research on Occurrence Trends of Weeds in Alfalfa Fields in Autumn of Qingdao Area

In order to understand the main weeds species which harm alfalfa production and its occurrence dynamic in autumn of Qingdao area,the species and the dynamic growth were investigated using the methods of census and sampling method of combining in the artificial alfalfa fields of forage base of Qingdao animal science and technology demonstration park from August to October of 2012.The results showed that there were 16 species of weeds in autumn（belonging to 11 families） in the artificial alfalfa fields of Qingdao area,and most of them were annual and perennial weeds in summer.The weed species with large number and higher damaged were gramineae such as Digitaria sanguinalis,Echinochloa crusgalli,Setaira viridis,compositae such as Sphaerotheca fuliginea Poll,amaranthaceae mainly with Amaranthus retroflexus and Cynara cardunculus,chenopodiaceae mainly with Chenopodium glaucum and solanaceae mainly with Solanum nigrum,the dominant species was gramineae.Since August,gramineae and chenopodiaceae weeds already had fruits,and no longer growth,other weeds at seedling stage,vegetative stagen or flowering stage,still in the growth.