Review of Influenza A Virus in Swine Worldwide: A Call for Increased Surveillance and Research |
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| Authors: | A. Vincent L. Awada I. Brown H. Chen F. Claes G. Dauphin R. Donis M. Culhane K. Hamilton N. Lewis E. Mumford T. Nguyen S. Parchariyanon J. Pasick G. Pavade A. Pereda M. Peiris T. Saito S. Swenson K. Van Reeth R. Webby F. Wong J. Ciacci‐Zanella |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Virus and Prion Research Unit, USDA‐ARS NADC, , Ames, IA, USA;2. World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), , Paris, France;3. Animal Health and Veterinary Laboratories Agency, , Weybridge, UK;4. Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, , Harbin, China;5. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), , Rome, Italy;6. CDC, , Atlanta, GA, USA;7. University of Minnesota Veterinary Diagnostic Lab, , St. Paul, MN, USA;8. Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, , Cambridge, UK;9. World Health Organization (WHO), , Geneva, Switzerland;10. Department of Animal Health, National Centre for Veterinary Diagnostics, , Hanoi, Vietnam;11. National Institute of Animal Health, , Bangkok, Thailand;12. Canadian Food Inspection Agency, , Winnepeg, Canada;13. Instituto de Virología – INTA, , Buenos Aires, Argentina;14. Hong Kong University, , Hong Kong City, Hong Kong;15. National Institute of Animal Health, , Ibaraki, Japan;16. USDA‐APHIS NVSL, , Ames, IA, USA;17. Ghent University, , Ghent, Belgium;18. St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, , Memphis, TN, USA;19. Australian Animal Health Laboratory, CSIRO Livestock Industries, , Geelong, Vic., Australia;20. EMBRAPA Swine and Poultry, , Concordia, SC, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Pigs and humans have shared influenza A viruses (IAV) since at least 1918, and many interspecies transmission events have been documented since that time. However, despite this interplay, relatively little is known regarding IAV circulating in swine around the world compared with the avian and human knowledge base. This gap in knowledge impedes our understanding of how viruses adapted to swine or man impacts the ecology and evolution of IAV as a whole and the true impact of swine IAV on human health. The pandemic H1N1 that emerged in 2009 underscored the need for greater surveillance and sharing of data on IAV in swine. In this paper, we review the current state of IAV in swine around the world, highlight the collaboration between international organizations and a network of laboratories engaged in human and animal IAV surveillance and research, and emphasize the need to increase information in high‐priority regions. The need for global integration and rapid sharing of data and resources to fight IAV in swine and other animal species is apparent, but this effort requires grassroots support from governments, practicing veterinarians and the swine industry and, ultimately, requires significant increases in funding and infrastructure. |
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| Keywords: | Influenza A virus swine one health surveillance |
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