2016年全国油菜菌核病发生特点、原因分析及治理对策

为监测病原和病害发生发展动态、病菌发育与作物感病和适合发病天气的吻合度, 及时发布病情预报, 指导适时防治, 2016年全国15个省 (区、市) 86个区域测报站按照《油菜菌核病测报技术规范》开展油菜菌核病病情调查, 结果发现, 2016年全国油菜菌核病发生面积大、区域集中、发生程度重; 前期病情接近常年, 后期病情扩展迅速。病害流行的原因主要有:田间菌源充足, 子囊盘萌发早; 子囊萌发盛期与油菜盛花期高度吻合; 气候因素适宜, 品种抗性低, 栽培管理不科学等。可通过加强监测预警, 科学用药, 选育抗性品种等措施减轻发病程度, 降低危害损失。

Occurrence characteristics, causes and control methods of rape sclerotiniose in China in 2016

To monitor the dynamic development of pathogen and rape sclerotiniose, the technicians from 15 provinces and 86 counties (cities) plant protection organizations surveyed the occurrence of rape sclerotiniose in 2016 according to rules of investigation and forecast technology of rape sclerotiniose. It has been found that the occurrence of rape sclerotiniose was characterized by large occurrence area and a relatively serious degree in China in 2016. At the early development stage of oilseed rape, rape sclerotiniose occurred with relatively mild degree. However, it spread rapidly among the rapeseed fields later. The first reason for occurrence of this disease is that sufficient Sclerotinia sclerotiorum is existing in the soil. Besides, the germination of apothecia is earlier in 2016 than in ordinary years. The second reason is that the germination of apothecia is accompanied by the florescence of rape sclerotiniose for a long time. There are also other reasons such as cultivation conditions, climate and weakly resistant varieties. To lower the economic loss caused by rape sclerotiniose, three strategies can be adopted, such as strengthening the disease monitoring and forecasting, scientific application of insecticides and breeding resistant varieties.