稻麦联合收获开沟埋草一体机播种系统设计与试验

目前免耕播种机多为收获后免耕播种作业,未有将免耕播种系统与收获、秸秆还田相结合的复式机型,为了满足此种集成作业需要,达到抢农时、提高作业效率、减少机器下地次数的目的,设计了一种免耕播种系统与稻麦联合收获开沟埋草一体机相结合的机型,该播种系统主要由排种装置、种沟开沟装置、抛土装置构成。性能试验结果表明:设计的小型免耕开沟器开沟深度为3.1 cm,开沟宽度为3.6 m,破茬率为83.4%;延伸板长度为12 cm的抛土装置单侧抛土幅宽为105 cm,覆土厚度为2.2 cm,碎土率为97.8%,抛土均匀性为91.7%。播种系统水稻旱直播田间试验表明:当播种系统播种水稻干种、湿种播量分别为112.5 kg/hm~2、135 kg/hm~2时,产量分别为6 532.4、6 510.0 kg/hm~2,满足一体机免耕旱直播的播种需求。

Design and Experiment of Seeding System for Harvest Ditch and Stalk-disposing Machine

With the aim to reach the requirement of combined work harvest with no-tillage seeding, the seeding system matching with harvest ditch and stalk-disposing machine was designed. The seeding system designed included seeding device, furrow opener and throwing soil device. The seeding system used external force feed for sowing of crop and through a set of three link mechanism controlled start-stop. Furrow opener was designed small size no-tillage opener that had arc shovel. The throwing soil device designed included guide plate and extension plate. The experimental results of furrow opener showed that furrow width was 3.1cm, furrow depth was 3.6cm and straw of broken rate was 83.4%, and the furrow opener reached requirement of ditching and breaking straw. The experimental results of designed throwing soil device showed that when length of extension board was 12cm, throwing soil width was 105cm, thickness of covering soil was 2.2cm, rate of breaking soil was 97.8% and uniformity of throwing soil was 91.7%, and throwing soil device reached requirement of seed covering. The paddy direct seeding field experiment of seeding system was done in Hongchang farm, Shengao town, Jiangyan district, Taizhou city, Jiangsu province and in the experiment the sowing in line after rotary tillage(CK1) and the traditional transplant rice seedlings(CK2) was done as control group. The experiment result showed that to dry direct-seeding of dry seed rice, the yield peak was 6532.4kg/hm2, when seeding rate was 112.5kg/hm2. To dry direct-seeding of soaking seed rice, the yield peak was 6510.0kg/hm2, when seeding rate was 135kg/hm2. The yield of paddy direct seeding field was less than that of CK1, but it had no significant difference compared with the yield of CK1. The yield of paddy direct seeding field was less than that of CK2, but the difference value of yield was within a rational range.