Equine placenta expresses glutamine synthetase |
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Authors: | Hélio C. Manso Filho Helena E. Costa Guoyao Wu Kenneth H. McKeever Malcolm Watford |
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Affiliation: | (1) Equine Science Center, Department of Animal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;(2) Federal Rural University of Pernambuco, Pernambuco, Brazil;(3) Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA;(4) Department of Animal Sciences, Texas A &; M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;(5) Department of Nutritional Sciences, School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Thompson Hall, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA; |
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Abstract: | In most mammalian species the developing fetus utilizes large amounts of glutamine derived both from the maternal circulation and synthesized de novo in the placenta. The present study was designed to determine the role of the placenta in glutamine synthesis in the horse. The placentae from eight Standardbred mares were sampled immediately after parturition together with additional tissues obtained at necropsy from three Standbred mares during diestrous. Glutamine synthetase protein was detectable in the non-pregnant horn of the placenta in amounts similar to those seen in gluteus muscle, but the amount in the pregnant horn was two times greater than in the non-pregnant horn. Glutamine was the second most abundant amino acid in amniotic fluid at a concentration of 310 ± 26 μmole/L with that of glycine being 535 ± 48 μmole/L. The most abundant amino acids in placental tissue were glycine (3,732 ± 194 μmole/Kg), glutamate (3,500 ± 343 μmole/Kg) and glutamine (2,836 ± 208 μmole/Kg). The results illustrate the importance of glutamine to the equine fetus and establish that the placenta, particularly the pregnant horn, has considerable capacity for glutamine synthesis. |
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Keywords: | Amino acids Equine Horse Glutamine Glutamine synthetase Placenta |
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