不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)生长、体组成、血糖水平和肝脏糖酵解酶活力的影响

分别以葡萄糖、蔗糖、糊精、玉米淀粉和糊化玉米淀粉为糖源配制成5种等氮等脂饲料，对初始体重为(31.24±0.58) g 的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)进行为期56 d 的饲养实验，比较不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹生长、体组成、血液指标和糖酵解酶活力的影响，筛选出最有利于生长的糖种类。结果显示，不同糖源对卵形鲳鲹增重率(WG)和特定生长率(SGR)均有显著影响(P<0.05)，且随糖分子量增大有增大的趋势，其中，糊化玉米淀粉的 WG 和 SGR 最高分别为335.35%和2.62%/d；不同糖源组的脏体比(VSI)、肝体比(HSI)、肝糖原和肌糖原含量以及血糖、血浆总胆固醇和甘油三酯也有显著性差异(P<0.05)，且均为葡萄糖组最高；除己糖激酶(HK)活力外，各糖源组的其他糖酵解酶活力均有显著性差异(P<0.05)，亦是葡萄糖组最高。在本实验条件下，卵形鲳鲹对淀粉类大分子糖的利用效果优于葡萄糖等小分子糖类，糊化玉米淀粉组的生长效果最好；不同糖源饲料对卵形鲳鲹糖代谢过程中糖原合成、糖脂转化、糖酵解等途径的相关指标有一定影响。

Effect of Different Carbohydrate Sources on the Growth,Body Composition, Plasma Biochemical Indices and Glycolytic Enzyme Activities of Trachinotus ovatus

In this trial, five isonitrogenous and isolipidic diets were formulated with different carbohydrate sources at 20%, including glucose, sucrose, dextrin, corn starch, and gelatinized corn starch. The Trachinotus ovatus with initial weight of (31.24±0.58) g were fed with each diet for 8 weeks. Then the effects of different carbohydrate sources on a variety of biological activities were compared so to determine the optimal carbohydrate sources. The results suggested that the carbohydrate sources with higher molecular weight significantly increased the weight gain (WG) and the specific growth rate (SGR) (P<0.05). The group fed with gelatinized corn starch showed the highest WG (335.35%) and SGR (2.62%/d). The vicerosomatic index (VSI), hepatosomatic index (HSI), liver glycogen content, and muscle glycogen content of the five carbohydrate groups were significantly different (P<0.05), and those of the glucose group were the highest. Carbohydrate sources also affected the levels of plasma glucose, total cholesterol, and triglycercide (P<0.05). No significant difference was observed in hepatic hexokinase (HK) activity (P>0.05). Activities of glucokinase (GK), pyruvate kinase (PK) and phosphofructokinase (PFK) reached the highest in the glucose group (P<0.05). These results suggested that macromolecules (starch) are better for the growth of T. ovatus than glucose, sucrose, and dextrin, thus gelatinized corn starch should be the optimal carbohydrate source. Furthermore, carbohydrate sources may also have effects on the glycogen synthesis, glycolipid transformation and glycolysis.