麦蚜及植物病毒胁迫下小麦体内保护酶和解毒酶活性的变化

为探究蚜虫及植物病毒胁迫下小麦体内酶活性的变化规律,以麦二叉蚜Schizaphis graminum、禾谷缢管蚜Rhopalosiphum padi和麦长管蚜Sitobion avenae为试虫,以大麦黄矮病毒(BYDV)的GAV株系为测试病毒,研究蚜虫、植物病毒及两者共同胁迫下小麦体内超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)和过氧化物酶(POD)等保护酶及酸性磷酸酶(ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(AKP)等解毒酶的活性变化。结果表明,与健康小麦相比,麦二叉蚜胁迫下小麦体内的ACP活性提高100.46%,禾谷缢管蚜胁迫下小麦体内的POD活性降低34.59%,麦长管蚜胁迫下小麦体内的POD、CAT、SOD、ACP和AKP活性分别提高83.88%、126.45%、91.21%、197.26%和468.82%,差异均显著(P0.05);BYDV-GAV胁迫下小麦体内的SOD活性提高37.41%;与感染植物病毒但未受蚜虫胁迫的小麦相比,麦二叉蚜胁迫下小麦体内的POD、CAT和ACP活性分别提高73.66%、110.72%和50.49%,禾谷缢管蚜胁迫下小麦体内的CAT和ACP活性分别上升115.13%和37.00%,麦长管蚜胁迫下小麦体内的POD、CAT和AKP活性分别提高97.58%、70.19%和3 665.03%,差异均显著(P0.05)。这些结果说明,麦蚜和植物病毒均能改变小麦体内的生理生化进程,但效应有差异。

Activities of the Protective and Detoxification Enzymes in Wheat under Exposure of Aphids and Plant Viruses

In order to explore the change rule of enzyme activities in wheat under the stress of aphid and plant virus,and to lay a foundation for studying the interaction between aphids,viruses and wheat,we used the wheat aphid Schizaphis graminum,Rhopalosiphum padi and Sitobion avenae as test insects,the GAV strain of Barley yellow dwarf virus(BYDV) as test virus to study the activity changes of oxidative enzymes(including peroxidase POD,catalase CAT,and superoxide dismutase SOD) and detoxifying enzymes (including acid phosphatase ACP and alkaline phosphatase AKP) in wheat under aphids,plant viruses and both common stresses. Experimental results showed that compared with healthy wheat,activity of ACP in wheat was increased by 100.46% under the stress of S.graminum; the activities of ^POD in wheat was decreased by 34.59% under the stress of R.padi; and the activies of POD,CAT,SOD,ACP and AKP were increased respectively by 83.88%,126.45%,91.21%,197.26% and 468.82% under the stress of S.avenae. Compared with control plant,the activity of SOD in wheat was increased significantly by 37.41% under the stress of BYDV-GAV. After BYDV-GAV infection in wheat,compared with untreated wheat,the activities of POD,CAT and ACP were increased significantly by 73.66%,110.72% and 50.49% under the stress of S.graminum; the activities of CAT and ACP were increased significantly by 115.13% and 37.00% under the stress of R.padi; under the stress of S.avenae,the activities of POD,CAT and AKP were increased significantly by 97.58%,70.19% and 3665.03%. It is indicated that both wheat aphid and plant virus can change the physiological and biochemical processes with different effects in wheat.