小麦单倍体辐射诱变育种技术研究

采用不同剂量的60 Co γ射线诱变处理杂交当代干种子,以 MW14 和改良 MS 为基本培养基;从MF1 或MF2 代中选择优良单株为供体进行花药培养。针对辐射诱变剂量、低温预处理供体幼穗、变温诱导培养和低温预处理愈伤组织与花培出愈率、绿苗分化率的关系以及越夏控苗和花粉植株移栽等问题进行了研究,以提高获得遗传稳定的可育性加倍单体—纯合二倍体花粉植株的频率,通过大田系谱法可快速选育出新的小麦突变体品种( 系) 及育种材料。这种小麦单倍体辐射诱变育种途径不仅保留了辐射诱变育种固有的特点,同时可将育种周期缩短3 ～4 个世代,提高了小麦辐射诱变育种的效率。

TECHNIQUES OF RADIATION INDUCED HAPLOID BREEDING OF WHEAT

With the treatment of different doses of 60 Co γ\|ray irradiation to F\-1 hybrid seeds and donor plants from M\-1F\-1 or M\-2F\-2,wheat anther culture was made based on the media of MW 14 and modified MS.A series of studies on the applied doses of radiation induction,low temperature treatment on donor spikes and calli,variable temperature induced incubation and yield of pollen calllus and calli giving green plantlets,pollen plantlets control over summertime and pollen plantlet transplantation were carried out in order to increase the efficiency of obtaining double haploid\|pure diploid plantlets of wheat with stable heredity and propagation.Theses plantlets could be used directly in rapid breeding.