False ring formation in teak (Tectona grandis L.f.) and the influence of environmental factors |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Université Paris-Est, Laboratoire Modélisation et Simulation Multi Echelle, MSME UMR 8208 CNRS, 5 bd Descartes, 77454 Marne-la-Vallée, France;2. Laboratoire Interuniversitaire des Systèmes Atmosphériques (LISA), UMR 7583 CNRS, Universités Paris-Est Créteil et Paris Diderot, Institut Pierre et Simon Laplace, 61 Avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94010 Créteil, France;3. Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;4. Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes, École Nationale Supérieure de Chimie de Rennes, CNRS, UMR 6226, 11 Allée de Beaulieu, CS 50837, 35708 Rennes Cedex 7, France;5. Laboratoire Francis Perrin, CNRS URA 2453, CEA, IRAMIS, LIDyL, Bât 522, F-91191 Gif/Yvette, France;1. Homi Bhabha National Institute, Mumbai 400094, India;2. Atomic and Molecular Physics Division, BARC, Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India;1. Institute of Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Zámek 1, CZ -252 43, Průhonice, Czech Republic;2. Faculty of Science, University of South Bohemia, Branišovská 1645/31a, CZ-370 05 České Budějovice, Czech Republic;3. Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamýcká 129, CZ-165 21, Praha 6 - Suchdol, Czech Republic;4. Department of Geography, Institute of Ecology and Earth Sciences, University of Tartu, Vanemuise 46, 51003, Estonia;1. Department of Physics, National Defence Academy, Khadakwasla, Pune-411023, India;2. Faculty Council of Science, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;3. Department of Mathematics, Government General Degree College, Singur, Hooghly 712409, West Bengal, India;4. CAS Key Laboratory of Geospace Environment and Department of Engineering and Applied Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China;5. Department of Mathematics, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, West Bengal, India |
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| Abstract: | Seedling anatomy and cross sectional discs of 8- and 12-year-old (juvenile) teak trees were examined for tree ring analysis and determination of environmental factors responsible for false ring formation in teak. Based on the anatomy and location within the true annual rings, four types of false rings were identified. The results from both cross-dating of plantation grown trees and controlled experiments, including induced drought, showed that rainfall during dry period, drought during active growing season, (container) polybag/field transplantation of seedlings and juvenility are the important causative factors of frequent false rings in teak. No definite relationship could be established between insect defoliation and the incidence of false rings. False ring formation in teak appears to be mainly a resultant feature of tree ring responses to different environmental and physical factors. |
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