Tropical leguminous species for acid soils: studies on plant form and growth in Costa Rica |
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| Institution: | 1. Artvin Orman Fakultesi, Kafkas UniversitesiArtvin 08000Turkey;2. Department of Forest Science, Texas A & M UniversityCollege Station, TX 77843-2135USA;1. Institute for Environmental Studies, Charles University in Prague, Benátská 2, CZ-12801 Prague, Czech Republic;2. Department of Terrestrial Ecology, Zoological Institute, University of Cologne, Zülpicher Str. 47b, D-50674 Cologne, Germany;3. Institute of Microbiology, Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, CZ-14220 Prague, Czech Republic;1. Salt-Soil Agricultural Center, Key Laboratory of Agricultural Environment in the Lower Reaches of Yangtze River Plain, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of the People’s Republic of China, Institute of Agriculture Resources and Environment, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences (JAAS), Nanjing 210014, China;2. College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China;3. Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Bioresources of Saline Soils, Jiangsu Synthetic Innovation Center for Coastal Bio-agriculture, Yancheng Teachers University, Yancheng 224002, China;4. College of Environment and Safety Engineering, Qingdao University of Science & Technology, Qingdao 266000, China;1. Department of Environmental Engineering and Management, Chaoyang University of Technology, 168, Jifeng E. Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung, 41349, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Bioinformatics, Asia University, 500 Lioufeng Rd., Wufeng District, Taichung 41354, Taiwan, ROC;1. Université d’Antananarivo, Faculté des Sciences, BP 906, Antananarivo, Madagascar;2. Centre de Cooperation lnternationale en Recherche Agronomique pour le Développement (Cirad), BP 319, Antsirabe, Madagascar;3. Centre National de la Recherche Appliquée au Développement Rural (FOFIFA), BP 1444, Antananarivo, Madagascar;4. Africa Rice Center (AfricaRice), 01 BP 4029 ABIDJAN 01, Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire;5. Natural Resources Institute (NRI), University of Greenwich, Chatham Maritime, Kent ME4 4TB, UK |
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| Abstract: | Few studies of adaptability and growth of native legume species have been conducted on degraded acid soils. The lack of data for native species has often precluded their use in incentive-supported reforestation and international agroforestry schemes. A species screening trial that included 25 legume species was conducted at three abandoned pasture sites in the Atlantic Lowland of Costa Rica. Most of the leguminous species were of potential multipurpose value: 8% were exotic N2-fixing trees, 60% (some of which were N2-fixers) were indigenous to the region, and 32% (some of which were N2-fixers) were native to other areas of Costa Rica. Survival (including damage indices), growth, tree form and N2-fixing ability were used to evaluate species performance. Survival of the majority of the species after 3 years was high. Pithecellobium idiopodum, Inga edulis, Albizia guachapele, Pithecellobium elegans and Dalbergia retusa had greater than 90% survival at all sites. There were significant differences in growth measures among species. Across sites Acacia mangium, Stryphnodendron microstachyum and Inga edulis produced the greatest stem volume, and A. mangium, I. edulis, P. idiopodum and S. microstachyum had the highest crown volume. Inga edulis, P. idiopodum, I. coruscans and P. macroloba failed to form straight single stems. Acetylene reduction assay at Site 3 showed that I. edulis, A. mangium, A. guichapele, and I. coruscans had the highest nitrogenase activity among the best growing species. This trial indicates that there are native leguminous species with excellent potential for reforestation and agroforestry on acid soils high in aluminum and manganese. |
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