Evaluation and application of ribotyping for epidemiological studies of Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae in Denmark |
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| Institution: | 1. Danish Veterinary LaboratoryBülowsvej 27, DK-1790 Kbh VDenmark;2. Federation of Danish Pig Producers and SlaughterhousesMaglegårdsvej 2, DK-4000 RoskildeDenmark;3. The Royal Veterinary and Agricultural UniversityBülowsvej 13, DK-1870 Frb CDenmark;3. Structural Biology Group, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;4. Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;5. Division of Chemistry and Bioanalytics, Department of Molecular Biology, University of Salzburg, 5020 Salzburg, Austria;1. School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, The University of Queensland, Gatton 4343, QLD, Australia;2. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Menangle 2568, NSW, Australia;3. New South Wales Department of Primary Industries, Wollongbar 2477, NSW, Australia;3. Laboratório de Glicobiologia Estrutural e Funcional, Instituto de Biofísica Carlos Chagas Filho, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro RJ 21941-902, Brazil;4. Instituto Federal do Espírito Santo, Campus Vila Velha, Vila Velha ES 29106-010, Brazil;5. Departamento de Química Fundamental, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, Recife PE 50740-560, Brazil;6. Institute for Glycomics, Griffith University, Gold Coast Campus, Gold Coast, Queensland 4222, Australia;3. Department of Biology, University of Rome “Tor Vergata,” 00133 Rome, Italy;4. Università Telematica di Roma San Raffaele “La Pisana,” 00166 Rome, Italy;5. IRCCS San Raffaele “La Pisana,” 00166 Rome, Italy;1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Anichstrasse 35, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;2. Division of Virology, Department of Hygiene, Microbiology, Social Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 4b, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;3. Department of Pathology, Medical University of Innsbruck, Müllerstrasse 44, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;4. Institute for Biomedical Ageing Research, Medical University of Innsbruck, Rennweg 10, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria;1. Physique Théorique et Mathématique and International Solvay Institutes, Université Libre de Bruxelles, C.P. 231, 1050 Brussels, Belgium;2. SISSA and INFN - Sezione di Trieste, Via Bonomea 265, I 34136 Trieste, Italy;3. ICTP - Strada Costiera 11, I 34014 Trieste, Italy;4. Physics Department, The City College of the CUNY, 160 Convent Avenue, New York, NY 10031, USA;5. IRMA, UMR 7501, Université de Strasbourg et CNRS, 7 rue René Descartes, 67000 Strasbourg, France |
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| Abstract: | The aim of the present study was to evaluate ribotyping as an epidemiological tool for Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae and apply the method in studies of A. pleuropneumoniae infections in Danish pig herds. The evaluation of ribotyping was based on the 13 international reference strains and 106 epidemiologically unrelated Danish field strains representing the nine serotypes of biotype 1 (1, 2, 5A/B, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, and K2:O7) and one serotype 14 of biotype 2. Enzymes CfoI and HindIII were chosen for generation of ribotype patterns. Ribotyping of the reference strains resulted in 10 CfoI types and 11 HindIII types. Ribotyping of the Danish strains resulted in 17 different CfoI ribotypes and 24 different HindIII ribotypes. Combining HindIII- and CfoI-ribotyping divided the Danish strains into 26 different types. The stability, reproducibility and typability of ribotype patterns were good, and the discriminatory power was between 0.85–0.89. The relatively low discriminatory power was caused by four predominant types, containing 61% of the isolates. The typing system was applied in studies of routes of infection of specific pathogen-free (SPF) pig herds and included 112 strains of A. pleuropneumoniae. Airborne transmission from neighboring conventional pig farms was investigated in 12 cases of infected SPF herds. Transmission via vehicles transporting pigs between SPF herds was investigated in nine cases while transmission by trading of pigs between SPF herds was investigated in two cases. Serotype 2 was isolated from all SPF herds included in this study, except one, emphasizing the high prevalence of this serotype in Denmark. By ribotyping, airborne transmission was indicated in five of 12 cases, transmission via pig transporting vehicle was indicated in six of nine cases, and transmission via trading was indicated in one of two cases. In many cases findings of predominant ribotypes made interpretations of suspected routes of transmission difficult. The relationship of strains based on ribotypes was calculated using Dices coefficient and clustered by UPGMA. HindIII ribotypes of serotype 2 strains were closely related, though only showing 43% similarity to HindIII ribotypes of remaining serotypes. |
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