Mycorrhizal Hyphal Length as a Function of Plant Community Richness and Composition in Restored Northern Tallgrass Prairies (USA) |
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| Authors: | Marcus A. Bingham Mario Biondini |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Doctoral candidate, Department of Forest Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z4 Canada;2. Professor, School of Natural Resource Sciences, North Dakota State University, Fargo, ND 58105, USA;1. Rangeland Scientist and Research Leader, US Dept of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA;2. Post-doctoral Research Associate, US Dept of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA;3. Physical Science Technician, US Dept of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Rangeland Resources Research Unit, Cheyenne, WY 82009, USA;4. Area Statistician US Dept of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service–Plains Area, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA;5. Agronomist Cátedra de Forrajicultura, IFEVA, Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de Buenos Aires, CONICET, C1417DSE, Buenos Aries, Argentina;6. Agronomist, Instituto Nacional de Tecnología Agropecuaria (INTA), Estación Experimental Concepción del Uruguay, Entre Ríos, Argentina |
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| Abstract: | We assessed the total length of external arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphae as a function of plant species and functional form richness in restored northern tallgrass prairies. Total hyphal length increased with species and functional form richness. Hyphal length also increased when plant communities were dominated by species with high root density, high root to shoot ratios, and high nitrogen use efficiency. Hyphal length was positively correlated with the biomass of late successional C4 grasses (Andropogon gerardi Vitman, Panicum virgatum L., Schizachyrium scoparium [Michx.] Nash-Gould, and Sorghastrum nutans L.), which are obligately mycorrhizal and characterized by high root to shoot ratios, and high root surface area per unit of root biomass. We thus conclude that in order to recover extraradical arbuscular mycorrhizal hyphal length in restored northern tallgrass prairies, at least three factors need to be given priority: 1) achieving high levels of species and functional form richness; 2) making sure that late successional C4 grasses are present; and 3) making sure that the seed mixture includes species that are characterized by high root to shoot ratio, high root density, and high nitrogen-use efficiency. |
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