陆地棉棕色纤维色泽的遗传效应

以2个棕色和3个白色纤维陆地棉做完全双列杂交,分析陆地棉棕色纤维的遗传效应、长绒与短绒的遗传相关及F1的色泽差异。用扫描仪获取长绒和短绒图像,利用Photoshop 9.0获取图像RGB信息、量化纤维色泽。按照QGAStation软件中的ADM和AD模型,采用MINQUE法分析,调整无偏预测法(AUP)预测各遗传效应值。结果表明,棕色棉的长绒和短绒的遗传规律一致,其加性和显性遗传方差均极显著,其中,长绒的加性遗传方差比率为0.8501,约为显性遗传方差比率的6倍,短绒的加性遗传方差比率为0.8726,约为显性遗传方差比率的8倍;相关分析显示长绒和短绒的基因型和表现型均达显著相关,基因型相关系数达0.9935;5个亲本加性效应均不相同,但均达极显著水平,其中,棕色棉为正效应,白色棉为负效应。说明棕色纤维陆地棉的长绒和短绒色泽的遗传变异主要来自加性和显性效应,其中加性效应起主导作用;长绒和短绒的色泽遗传存在连锁和互作;因不同品种(系)的加性效应大小不同,造成不同F1纤维色泽的表现差异。

Genetic Effects of Fiber Color in Brown Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.)

Color cotton is a type of cotton with natural fiber color, which meets demand of people who pursue to health and environment protection, but the cotton performs low yield, poor quality and monotone color in production. To solve these problems, in this paper, we analyzed the genetic effects for brown fiber, including the genetic correlation of brown-lint and brown-fuzz, and the different performances of fiber color in the F₁ of upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). Twenty cross combinations were obtained based on a complete diallel-mating system with two brown fiber and three white fiber lines of upland cotton. The fiber color was quantified by scanner and Photoshop based on the RGB parameters data of lint and fuzz. The genetic effects were predicted by the methods of MINQUE and AUP according to the ADM and AD models in QGAStation software. The results showed that the inheritance of fiber color was similar to that of fuzz color. Both of the addition and dominant effects were significant at 0.01 level of probability. The additive effect of the brown-lint was 0.8501, which was six times of its dominant effect. The additive effect of the brown-fuzz was 0.8726, which was eight times of its dominant effect. The correlation for genotype and phenotype between brown-lint and brown-fuzz was significant; with the genotype correlation coefficient between lint and fuzz colors was 0.9935. The additive effects of the five parents were significantly different, in which the effect of brown cotton was positive, but that of white cotton was negative. It indicated that the genetic variation of the brown-lint and brown-fuzz in upland cotton was mainly derived from additive and dominant effects, in which the additive effect was predominant, and there were linkage and interaction between the inheritances of lint and fuzz color. The different fiber colors of F₁ were resulted from the different additive effects of different varieties or lines.