Matrix metalloproteinases in inflammatory pathologies of the horse |
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| Authors: | Abigail L Clutterbuck Pat Harris David Allaway Ali Mobasheri |
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| Institution: | 1. Division of Veterinary Medicine, School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, College Road, Sutton Bonington, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, United Kingdom;2. WALTHAM Centre for Pet Nutrition, Freeby Lane, Waltham on the Wolds, Melton Mowbray, Leicestershire, LE14 4RT, United Kingdom;1. Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN;2. Department of Comparative Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN;1. CHU de Nancy, service des examens de la Fonction respiratoire et de l’aptitude à l’exercice, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vand?uvre-lès-Nancy, France;2. Cabinet médical, 121, place de l’Église, 88200 Dommartin-lès-Remiremont, France;3. CHU de Nancy, service de pharmacologie clinique et toxicologie, 29, avenue du Maréchal-de-Lattre-de-Tassigny, 54035 Nancy cedex, France;4. CHU de Nancy, service de néphrologie, rue du Morvan, 54500 Vand?uvre-lès-Nancy, France;1. University of Melbourne Equine Centre, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia;2. Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Melbourne, 250 Princes Highway, Werribee, Victoria 3030, Australia;1. Department of Human Body Modelling and Monitoring, New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic;2. European Centre of Excellence NTIS, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic;3. Department for Pathobiology, Institute of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology, University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna, Vienna, Austria |
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| Abstract: | The extracellular matrix (ECM) of connective tissue is constantly being remodelled to allow for growth and regeneration. Normal tissue maintenance requires the ECM components to be degraded and re-synthesised in relatively equal proportions. This degradation is facilitated by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) and their proteolytic action is controlled primarily by the tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases (TIMPs). Both MMPs and TIMPs exist in a state of dynamic equilibrium, with a slight excess of one or the other depending on the need for either ECM breakdown or synthesis. Long-term disruption to this balance between MMPs and TIMPs will have pathological consequences.Matrix metalloproteinases are involved in a number of diseases in mammals, including the horse. Excess MMP activity can cause ECM destruction, as seen in the lamellar basement membrane in laminitis and the articular cartilage in osteoarthritis. Matrix metalloproteinase under-activity can potentially impede healing by preventing fibrinolysis in fibrotic conditions and the removal of scar tissue in wounds. Matrix metalloproteinases also degrade non-ECM proteins and regulate cell behaviour via the release of growth factors from the substrates they cleave, increasing the scope of their effects. This review looks at the involvement of MMPs in equine health and pathologies, whilst exploring the potential consequences of therapeutic intervention. |
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