福建省顺昌县木本油料产业发展思考

分析了顺昌县木本油料生产历史、现状、存在问题,产业发展优势和潜力,从组织领导、规划布局、种植规模、良种基地建设、技术推广等方面提出了促进顺昌县木本油料产业发展对策。     

林业经济发展与气候因素的因果关系

森林资源是林业经济发展的基础能源,又与气候存在着因果关系.气候因素中的气温、湿度、降水、光照等对森林生长产生起决定性影响,林业生产总值深受气候影响,同时林业经济的发展可能对气候产生正反两方面作用.因此,人们在发展林业经济过程中要考虑到气候变化因素,积极发展木本油料能源产业.     

低温胁迫对四种野生常绿藤本植物抗寒生理指标的影响

以鹰爪枫Holboellia coriacea、南五味子Kadsura japonica、尾叶挪藤Stauntonia obovatifoliola ssp. urophylla、山蒟Piper hancei等4种野生常绿藤本植物为试验材料,通过人工冷冻处理,对叶片的相对电导率、过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸含量等3个生理指标进行了测定.结果表明:细胞膜透性表现为逐渐上升趋势;而过氧化物酶(POD)活性和游离脯氨酸含量则随着温度的降低呈现出先上升后下降的变化规律,低温下耐寒性强的种类能保持较高的POD活性.4种野生常绿藤本植物的抗寒性具有明显差异,其中以鹰爪枫抗寒能力最强,其次为南五味子和尾叶挪藤,山蒟抗寒能力最差.     

Dispersal of woody plants in forest edges and hedgerows in a Southern Swedish agricultural area: the role of site and landscape structure

The distribution of woody vegetation was studied in forest edges and hedgerows in a 28 km² southern Swedish agricultural area, characterised by species-rich edge zones. The occurrence of 21 selected woody species (taxa) was related to differences in both edge structure and landscape structure. All the species studied were represented in both edge types, but a higher frequency of animal-dispersed species was found in hedgerows.Animal dispersed species were more affected by edge width and density than wind dispersed species. A higher number of wind-dispersed species were more frequent in forest edges, in hedgerows near to forest, or with a high proportion of forest within 500 m. A clear relationship was found between the number of physically connected elements in hedgerow networks and increasing frequency of occurrence for Corylus avellana, Crataegus spp., Euonymus europaeus, and Quercus robur; which indicate the ecological significance of connectedness for certain animal dispersed species. The study supports the general principle that woody species distribution and landscape structure are linked in a positive feedback loop. The results match findings from studies in other countries and are interpreted in the context of landscape processes and the ecological characteristics of woody plant species. We emphasise the importance of understanding dispersal mechanisms of woody species for the design and improvement of edge habitats in agricultural landscapes.     

退化生态系统恢复过程木本植物密度的变化

对大明山退化生态系统 34个群落的木本植物密度进行了研究。结果表明 :1.退化生态系统木本植物的密度与植被的恢复阶段紧密相关 ;2 .乔木层植物的密度变化呈现恢复初期 ( 2年 )较低 ,中前期 ( 10～ 2 0年 )迅速提高 ,中后期 ( 50年 )下降 ,后期 ( 150～ 2 0 0年 )又缓慢回升的趋势 ;3.乔木层与灌木层植物密度的变化具有相同的趋势和不同的速率 ,灌木层植物密度变化缓慢。     

甘肃省木本植物上的白粉菌

通过对甘肃农业大学树木病害实验室所藏甘肃木本植物上白粉菌标本的研究，鉴定出甘肃白粉菌新记录4种，它们是猪毛菜内丝白粉菌（Leveillula saxaouli（Sorok．） Golov）、胡桃球针壳（Phyllactinia juglandis Tao ＆ Qin）、隐蔽又丝单囊壳（Podosphaera clandestina （Wallr．） Lev．）、萨蒙球针壳（Phyllactinia salmonii Blum．）；记录了锦鸡儿柬丝壳（Trichocladia sp．）和刺槐白粉菌（Erysip比sp．）2个未知种；国内寄主新记录1个，为小叶柳（Salix hypoleuca Seem）。描述了病害的症状、病原形态、寄主植物、采集日期和采集地点。     

Amelioration of a highly degraded tropical alfisol by planting I. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties 1989-91

This paper examines soil amelioration by planting 15 leguminous and graminaceous plant species, including herbaceous annuals, perennials and biennials, and woody perennials and biennials. Disturbed and undisturbed natural regrowth were planted with leguminous species, in some cases with fertilizer applied at planting (400 kg ha⁻¹ of 15:15:15 NPK). The studies were made on two highly degraded sites in southwestern Nigeria which had been subjected to intensive mechanized cropping for a period of 10 years. Changes in soil physical and chemical properties were monitored from 1989 to 1991. Acacia difficilis, Brachiaria lata and Mucuna utilis had the lowest survival rates by the following growing season. Soil fertility and compaction levels differed between sites. Planting had no effect on the latter. The decreases in compaction (i.e. macroporosity) between 0.00 and 0.10 m depth at both sites one month before and five and 17 months after planting were 43, 59 and 61 per cent, respectively were attributed to exclusion of heavy machinery from the sites. Large decreases in fertility occurred at both sites and were attributed to a combination of nutrient extraction and to leaching. Between fallow species, exchangeable Ca, pH and the cation-exchange capacity (CEC) were greater and total acids lower for herbaceous cover compared with woody perennials, and was attributed to a higher Ca demand by the latter. Highest and lowest values of Ca, CEC and pH occurred in plots where plant material was returned to the soil (i.e. by cutting or die-back) and in cropped plots, respectively. Natural regrowth was as effective or better than planted species in improving soil physical and chemical properties. Therefore the use of exotic plant species for ameliorating highly degraded alfisols is unnecessary. Amelioration of highly degraded alfisols may be best effected by allowing natural regrowth to occur while excluding all mechanized traffic from the site.     

安徽省木本攀援物区系基本特征的研究

为对安徽省城市、风景区垂直绿化植物的配置应用提供依据,本文对安徽省木本攀援植物区系基本特征进行了分析,作者认为安徽省木本攀援植物区系具有以下基本特征:1.区系成份丰富;2.区系成份自北向南递增;3.观赏价值高的木本攀援植物较丰富;4.各类性状和攀援习性的类群较完备;5.区系的过渡性十分明显。     

南京市主要广场的木本植物群落物种组成分析

研究调查了江苏省南京市主城区具有代表性的24个星级广场乔、灌木的物种组成，观赏习性（观花、观果、观叶、观形），应用频率及重要值等。研究结果表明：南京城市广场木本植物种类较丰富，共有53科91属124种（包括种以下单位），其中：乔木类62种，灌木类52种，藤本类6种，竹类4种，但乡土树种应用偏少，骨干树种较单调，观赏植物配植不尽如人意。建议增加观花观果植物、芳香植物及南京市市树市花在南京城市广场的应用。表4参11     

北京木本植物区系地理分析

根据对北京地区木本植物属的统计分析,结果可划分为14种土理分布类型,以温带分布为主,占区系成分属数的71.7％,其中以北温带分布类型占主导地位;与热带植物区系有一定联系,占区系成分的24.5％;与各大洲植物区系存在着广泛的联系。