樱桃番茄运输包装件振动冲击性能试验

针对目前樱桃番茄储运过程中主要包装形式以及造成破损的情况,选择典型运输包装件,进行了正弦扫频、堆码强度、堆码扫频振动传递性能、垂直冲击和跌落试验。通过对单件包装件的扫频振动试验,测出单件的固有频率为26.61Hz;通过堆码强度试验,测出了包装件的最大堆码层数为9层。通过9层堆码扫频振动传递性能试验确定了底层、中间层和顶层包装件的固有频率分别为36.61、10.76和6.44Hz,得到了各层包装件振动加速度、振动传递率随时间的变化曲线,并探讨了固有频率和振动传递率峰值与堆码高度之间的关系。在此基础上,通过垂直冲击试验,测出了产品的脆值为89.58;通过跌落试验,测出了包装件最大允许跌落高度为580mm。     

毒源和寄主对褐色桔蚜传播柑桔衰退病毒效率的影响

褐色桔蚜是柑桔衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)最有效的传播媒介,为了解不同柑桔寄主种类和毒源对褐色桔蚜传播CTV效率的影响,检测在以锦橙、凤凰柚和墨西哥来檬作毒源植株时,褐色桔蚜对10个CTV分离株的单蚜传毒率,以及蚜传前后CTV分离株p25/HinfⅠRFLP组群构成的变化,并对其中5个分离株与2个国外分离株进行了p20和p25基因相应氨基酸序列的比对分析。结果表明:褐色桔蚜传播CTV的能力受柑桔寄主种类的影响较大,以锦橙作毒源植株可以获得最高的传毒率;CTV毒株强弱以及褐色桔蚜虫态(有翅或无翅蚜)对单蚜传毒率影响不明显;褐色桔蚜传播具有p25/HinfⅠRFLP第3组群构成的CTV分离株的能力较强。     

惯性式振动输送机的主动隔振研究

在研究惯性式振动输送机振动特性的基础上，分别对其进行了被动隔振和主动隔振。采取被动隔振后，可使振动传递率降低，从而减少其振动对周围其他工作机械的影响，但同时也降低了振动输送机的工作效率。在被动隔振的基础上，再采用主动隔振，通过选取合适的反馈变量和反馈增益，可使振动输送机的工作效率和振动传递率均得到明显改善。理想隔振状态下，可使振动输送机的振动传递率为零，同时使工作效率最佳。     

模拟3自由度振动条件下水果运输振动加速度传递率及损伤研究

为探寻水果卡车运输的振动及损伤，通过模拟3自由度振动试验，研究了梨塑料箱盛装时包装箱在各方向振动的加速度传递率，分析了振动频率对梨损伤的影响，探讨了梨在一定频率下振动至失去商品性时的振动次数与振动积累加速度的关系。试验结果表明，在一定振动频率范围内，越是上层塑料箱，其在各方向振动的加速度传递率越大，顶层塑料箱在左右、前后方向振动的加速度传递率远大于上下方向的；在相同加速度条件下，振动频率越小梨越容易产生损伤；在确定的振动频率下，梨振动至失去商品性时的振动次数N，与振动积累加速度g₀存     

恒定雅可比3—PRRR移动并联机构及其传递性能研究

提出了一种具有雅可比矩阵恒定特性的3-PRRR三维移动并联机构,当选取移动副作为主动输入时,该机构具有雅可比矩阵恒定的特性。基于螺旋理论分析了3-PRRR并联机构自由度,利用矢量法建立位置正/反解模型,进而得到了该机构的工作空间。基于传递力螺旋和主运动螺旋求解了该机构的雅可比矩阵,从得到的机构速度/力变化曲线可知,在确定的输入下,机构输出参数曲线在不同位姿下相重合,从而验证了该机构雅可比矩阵恒定。在此基础上,分析了该机构的传递性能,得到了分支传递功率与β(移动副和转动副轴线夹角)的关系曲线,可知输入功率不变时,机构的传递功率随着β的增大而减小。分别选取β为0°和30°时绘制该机构输出速度和力曲线,得到该机构在β为0°时传递性能最佳。     

柑橘衰退病毒含量对其蚜传效率的影响

为明确毒源植株和蚜虫中柑橘衰退病毒(Citrus tristeza virus,CTV)的发生情况与蚜虫传播CTV能力的关系,将褐色橘蚜、棉蚜、橘二叉蚜和绣线菊蚜置于分别感染了4个CTV分离株的锦橙上取食24 h后,运用巢式RT-PCR和实时RT-PCR检测蚜虫和锦橙的带毒情况,并分析蚜虫的传毒能力。结果显示,蚜虫中CTV的平均带毒率为0.76~0.84,其中棉蚜的最高,其次为绣线菊蚜、褐色橘蚜和橘二叉蚜。锦橙中各CTV分离株的含量差异不大,与蚜虫传毒效率间无显著相关性;也未发现蚜虫带毒率与其传播CTV能力之间存在相关性。蚜虫体内CTV的含量为5.36×103±2.33×103~2.01×106±3.67×105拷贝,褐色橘蚜中含量最高,其次为棉蚜、橘二叉蚜和绣线菊蚜;且高蚜传能力CTV分离株在褐色橘蚜体内的含量远高于低蚜传能力分离株。表明蚜虫体内CTV的含量可能与蚜虫传毒能力有关。     

Pathological characterization of TgElk mice injected with brain homogenate from elk with chronic wasting disease

Chronic wasting disease (CWD) is classified as a transmissible spongiform encephalopathy or prion disease that affects cervids. CWD has been reported in 15 US states, two Canadian provinces, and in imported elk on several farms in Korea. This study was conducted to examine the molecular biological and pathogenic characteristics of a CWD-associated prion isolated in Korea. The epidemiological origin of this pathogen was also determined. Homozygous TgElk mice were infected with a CWD-affected elk brain pool prepared from the brain of an imported Canadian elk. We measured the incubation time of the pathogen, neuropathological changes by immunohistochemical staining, the pattern(s) of scrapie prion protein (PrP^Sc) deposition, and PrP^Sc protein profiles by Western blotting. We found that TgElk mice infected with brain homogenate from the elk suffering from CWD showed incubation times, vacuolar degeneration, and PrP^Sc accumulation similar to those previously reported in the literature. Our results suggest that homozygous TgElk mice efficiently transmit CWD with short incubation times and that this animal can serve a valuable research model and reliable in vivo diagnostic tool.     

Characterization and detection ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virus in Greece

The host range specificity of Greek isolates ofCucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV) was determined and the ability of the virus to retain its infectivity in naturally contaminated soil, after storage at 4°C for at least 10 months, was established. An immunocapture RT-PCR protocol was developed for the detection of the virus and proved to be 10⁵ times more sensitive than DAS-ELISA and 10² times more sensitive than F(ab’)₂-ELISA using F(ab’)₂ fragments that were prepared from an antiserum, which was raised against a local virus isolate. In order to clarify dissimilarities that were revelaed between the coat protein (CP) genes of the Greek isolates after restriction mapping of their respective PCR products, the CP genes of three isolates were sequenced and found to be very similar but not identical to the CP gene of CGMMV-SH. http://www.phytoparasitica.org posting Aug. 27, 2002.     

Henbane mosaic potyvirus pathogenic to wild and cultivated potato

Summary A virus isolated from severely diseased wild plants ofDatura stramonium in Hungary was identified as a strain of henbane mosaic potyvirus (HeMV) by its host range, vector transmissibility, electron microscopy and serology. This W/H isolate of HeMV induced necrotic local lesions onChenopodium quinoa and characteristic systemic symptoms in species ofDatura, Nicotiana andPhysalis but it was apathogenic to species ofCapsicum, Cucumis andPhaseolus. The virus is transmissible by aphids,Myzus persicae, in a non-persistent manner. Electron microscopy showed that it consisted of flexuous filaments, c. 180×12 nm. In plants ofDatura andNicotiana spontaneously infected by and artificially inoculated with HeMV-W/H, pinwheel structures typical of the potyvirus group were found. Serological examinations confirmed the identity of HeMV-W/H with the standard strain of the virus, HeMV-R. Plants of the potato cultivars Désirée and Gracia, graft-inoculated with HeMV-W/H, were latently infected. Inoculated plants of wildSolanum species responded to the virus with systemic symptoms.     

非典型疯牛病研究进展

自2001年欧盟实施疯牛病主动监测以后,人们发现一种新的与典型疯牛病不一样的疯牛病,即非典型疯牛病。后来,在日本、加拿大、美国、巴西等也发现非典型疯牛病。目前普遍认为,该类疯牛病多发于老年牛,临床上有的表现症状,有的无症状,具有自发性和散发性特征,发病率低,约为百万分之一至百万分之三。研究发现,非典型疯牛病可以分为H型和L型,两者在PK酶抗性、糖基化、传染性、机体内分布等存在差异,同时与典型疯牛病也存在明显差异。比较来看,L型疯牛病的传染性最强,H型疯牛病的传染性较弱。论文从非典型疯牛病的临床症状、病理变化、病原分布及分子特性、传染性等方面做了详细介绍。