利用通径分析研究土壤不同形态硫对有机质的影响

用通径分析的方法分析了不同形态硫对土壤有机质的作用。结果表明 :在影响土壤有机质的诸多硫组分中 ,以全硫为主 ,其次是未知态硫和全硫的共同作用 ,再次是碳键硫和全硫的共同作用 ,脂键硫排在第九位。有机硫起主要作用     

十种含浙贝母中成药中的二氧化硫残留量分析

采用《中国药典》2015年版四部通则2331二氧化硫残留量测定法第一法对10种含浙贝母(Fritillaria thunbergii)中成药中的二氧化硫残留量进行测定和分析。结果表明,有2个厂家的2种中成药的二氧化硫超标,合格率为86.7%。     

Efficiency of inorganic fungicides against the formation of Erysiphe necator chasmothecia in vineyards

BACKGROUND

A reduction in chasmothecia, an important inoculum of grape powdery mildew (Erysiphe necator Schwein.), is essential for disease control in vineyards; the use of fungicides during the formation of chasmothecia on vine leaves, late in the growing season, may accomplish this. Inorganic fungicides, such as sulphur, copper, and potassium bicarbonate, are very useful for this purpose because of their multisite mode of action. The aim of this study was to evaluate chasmothecia reduction using different fungicide applications late in the growing season in commercially managed vineyards and in an exact application trial.

RESULTS

Chasmothecia on vine leaves were reduced in commercial vineyards by four copper (P = 0.01) and five potassium bicarbonate (P = 0.026) applications. The positive effect of potassium bicarbonate was also confirmed in the application trial, where two applications showed lower chasmothecia numbers than the control (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSION

The application of inorganic fungicides reduced the amount of chasmothecia as the primary inoculum source. Potassium bicarbonate and copper are of further interest for disease control as these fungicides can be used by organic and conventional wine growers. The application of these fungicides should be carried out as late as possible before harvest to reduce chasmothecia formation and, consequently, the potential for powdery mildew infestation in the subsequent season. © 2023 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.     

盐胁迫下5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对小黑麦种子生理特性的影响

采用种子萌发试验,研究了5-磺基水杨酸、水杨酸对盐胁迫下小黑麦种子萌发及幼苗生长情况的影响.结果表明:在盐胁迫下,适当浓度的两种酚酸均能提高小黑麦种子萌发的发芽率、发芽指数、活力指数,浓度增高则抑制种子萌发.适当浓度的两种酚酸还能降低幼苗叶片电导率和丙二醛(MDA)含量、提高叶绿素含量.总的看来,5-磺基水杨酸的效果比水杨酸好,且低浓度的效果比高浓度的好.     

The effect of taurine supplementation to a plant‐based diet for barramundi (Lates calcarifer) with varying methionine content

The effect of variable taurine inclusion (Tau) (1 g/kg DM to 15 g/kg DM) in the diet of juvenile barramundi (Lates calcarifer) on growth and nutrient utilization was investigated at three levels of dietary methionine (Met) supplementation. Diets were fed to juvenile barramundi (starting weight: 26.8 g) twice daily under a restricted pair‐fed regime for a period of 42 days. No significant effect of dietary Tau supply on growth or nutrient utilization was observed at any level of Met inclusion. Numerical variations suggested a positive effect of Tau provision at the mid‐level of supplementation (6–8 g/kg DM). The best‐fit response model (5‐SKM), fitted to the percentage body weight gain data of fish fed diets with an adequate level of Met, suggested a relatively weak pattern of response (R² = 0.183) and predicted a Tau requirement of 5.47 g/kg DM (9.64 g/kg CP) similar to that reported for several other species. It was concluded that taurine appears to be conditionally essential to barramundi, whereby provision in the diet when sulphur amino acid supply is insufficient to meet biosynthetic demands may be beneficial, but that the predicted requirement is likely reasonably accurate for use as a minimum level of inclusion.     

邓州市耕地有效态硫元素丰缺状况分析、产生原因及应变对策

该文通过对邓州市2006~2007连续两年所分析的4700个土样有效硫（S）化验结果整理分析发现,邓州市目前近30%耕地中有效态硫含量对禾谷类作物而言是缺乏的,有近60%的耕地中有效态硫含量对于种植十字花科、百合科、豆科等需硫较多的作物来说,属于潜在缺硫耕地;同时从施肥结构、种植结构变化详细分析了其产生的原因,并依据硫在植物体内移动状况、硫肥性状等因素提出相应对策。     

陕西省农田土壤硫含量空间变异特征及亏缺评价

陕西省 13种耕地土壤 30 5个表层 (0～ 2 0cm)土壤样点分析结果表明 :该省土壤全硫和用0 0 1molL-1Ca(H2 PO4) 2 浸提的有效硫含量分别为 33～ 76 9mgkg-1(均值 36 0mgkg-1)和 4 6～ 15 7 3mgkg-1(均值 2 9 3mgkg-1) ,其中黑垆土 (普通干润均腐土 )、绵砂土 (灌淤湿润砂质新成土 )的有效硫平均含量最低。土壤全硫具有中等空间相关性 ,有效硫空间相关性较差。土壤全硫和有效硫分布具有渐变性 ,其最大相关距离分别为 5 31km和 34km。全硫以较大区域变异为主 ;有效硫以小区域变异为特征。陕西省耕地土壤有效硫含量低于硫亏缺临界值 (18 5mgkg-1)的占总面积的 13 9% ,相当于 5 3 7万hm2 农田缺硫。陕西省中部地区 ,尤其是延安西部地区土壤硫亏缺风险较大     

元素硫在水稻根际氧化特征及其对水稻吸收铁锰磷硫的影响

通过65 d水稻根际盒培养试验,研究了两种水分管理下(淹水1 cm、80%田间持水量)元素硫在石灰岩和花岗岩母质发育的水稻土根际氧化特征及其对水稻生长和铁锰磷硫吸收的影响.结果表明,元素硫氧化率有以下规律,根际＞非根际(特别是石灰性土壤);80%WHC处理＞淹水1cm处理;花岗岩发育的水稻土非根际＞石灰性水稻土非根际,而根际土壤之间没有差异.元素硫施用能增加水稻根长、根体积和生物量,其增加幅度依次为:80%WHC处理＞淹水1 cm处理;石灰岩发育的水稻土＞花岗岩发育的水稻土.施元素硫能显著提高水稻铁锰磷硫吸收总量,而对这些元素在水稻植株体浓度的影响,则与水分、土壤和元素种类有关.花岗岩母质发育的水稻土施用元素硫能弥补水分不足对水稻生长的影响,而石灰性水稻土则不然.     

植烟土壤对硫的吸附状况及施用硫肥的效应

将硫酸镁、硫酸钾、硫酸铵施入灰泥田、潮砂田1周后,对3种肥料硫的吸附固定率,灰泥田分别为25.0%、49.0%、14.0%,潮砂田分别为8.9%、18.4%、6.9%;施过磷酸钙土壤的有效硫含量较低;过磷酸钙和硫酸钾施入土壤后,肥料硫的淋洗率为18.46%-24.45%.培养期间(105 d),土壤有机硫的矿化率为7.00%-15.07%.烟叶产值以施硫30.0 kg.hm-2处理的最高(24025.50元.hm-2);施硫量90、105 kg.hm-2处理的烟叶评吸总分较低(其中烟叶评吸的刺激性、香气量和香气质的得分较低).     

环境规划中大气SO2预测的神经网络模型

为了对规划期间排入大气的SO2进行有效的控制,本文应用B-P人工神经网络方法建立了山西省运城市各县(区)人口数量、燃煤量、工业总产值和SO2排放量与SO2浓度的规划期综合预测模型,以实现在规划期间对大气的SO2的预测和控制。