新型取代氨基(或芳氧)磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯的合成及其除草活性

由α-苯氧基丙酸酯出发,合成了取代氨基(或芳氧)磺酰基苯氧丙酸酯,并测定了它们的除草活性。所有的化合物均经1H NMR和元素分析确证,初步的生测结果表明上述化合物具有一定的除草活性。     

Yield and adaptation of hexaploid spring triticale

Summary Gains in yield and stability were analysed using grain yield data from the 8th to the 14th International Triticale Yield Nursery (ITYN) and differences in adaptation between complete and substituted triticales (X Triticosecale Wittmack) were examined. A trend of improving yield and adaptation was observed. As highly significant genotype × site interaction each year was not adequately described using regression analysis, yield stability was examined by ranking genotypes within sites and summarizing scores for individual genotypes across sites. Cluster analysis was used to study the relationships among sites and among genotypes. There was little evidence of sites grouping on a geographical basis. Grouping of genotypes showed a tendency for complete and substituted triticales to perform differently, suggesting that diversity for adaptation is maximized by utilizing both types in breeding.Progress for grain yield is compared with more spectacular gains in test weight and reasons for the different rates of improvement are postulated.Abbreviations CIMMYT International Maize & Wheat Improvement Centre - ITYN International Triticale Yield Nursery contribution from CIMMYT/Agriculture Canada (No. R-002)     

Agronomical and morphological differentiation among winter and spring triticales

A collection of 299 secondary hexaploid triticale cultivars and advanced breeding lines from 18 countries, which were considered a representative sample of the existing diversity, was evaluated for morphological and agronomical characters with autumn planting at Lleida, Spain, from 1988 to 1991. The entries were classified as having winter (84) or spring (215) growth habit and among this latter group were complete (73) or substituted (147) types according to CIMMYT's terminology. Winter and spring triticales were grouped by cluster and principal component analyses. Winter triticales were taller with longer growth cycles, longer spikes, and more spikelets per spike than spring types. At early stages they also had prostrate growth. Spring-substituted types were separated from complete material. As a group, spring-substituted triticales differed more from winter types than the spring complete genotypes, which showed intermediate characteristics. Complete types of spring habit had tendency to be taller, with longer spikes, more spikelets per spike and bigger and heavier grains than substituted triticales. Greater variation in morphological and agronomical parameters was detected among winter triticales followed by the complete-spring group.     

黄瓜病害控制中多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵的替代药剂评价

广泛使用的杀菌剂多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵对人类和环境生物存在较高的安全风险。从防治效果看，温室内黄瓜叶片上喷雾施用异菌脲（0．562kg·hm^-2）、嘧霉胺（0．450kg·hm^-2）和啶菌恶唑（0．070kg·hm^-2）对黄瓜灰霉病（Botrytiscinema）的控制效果均达到70％以上；喷雾施用氟硅唑（0．056kg·hm^-2）、嘧菌酯（0．141kg·hm^-2）、醚菌酯（0．141kg·hm^-2）和腈菌唑（0．028kg·hm^-2）对黄瓜白粉病（Sphaerotheca．fuliginea）也有较好的控制效果。从危害水平看，除百菌清外，根据其他几种备选农药相关参数计算得到的危害水平值均低于多菌灵和甲基硫菌灵。防效试验和危害水平对比相结合说明，在推荐剂量范围内，异菌脲、嘧霉胺、啶菌恶唑3种药剂可以代替多菌灵，而氟硅唑、嘧菌酯、醚菌酯和腈菌唑4种药剂可以代替甲基硫菌灵，分别用于防治黄瓜灰霉病和黄瓜白粉病，从而降低由这两种药剂使用而造成的潜在危害。     

取代苯氧乙酸类化合物的超声合成及抑菌活性研究

采用超声波法在碱性条件下用取代苯酚与氯乙酸合成取代苯氧乙酸,并测试其抑菌活性．共合成了3个取代苯氧乙酸衍生物,即对氯苯氧乙酸,邻氯苯氧乙酸,对溴苯氧乙酸,用IR,^1 H NMR,UV及元素分析确证了其结构．同时选取大肠杆菌、沙门氏菌、枯草芽孢杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌等四种细菌对所合成的取代苯氧乙酸类化合物测试其最小抑菌浓度（MIC）．抑茵活性表明：对氯苯氧乙酸和对溴苯氧乙酸的抑菌谱较广,而邻氯苯氧乙酸的抑菌谱较窄．     

六甲基六元瓜环与紫精衍生物作用体系及其除草活性研究

以紫精衍生物为研究对象,利用核磁共振技术、紫外吸收光谱和循环伏安法等方法,发现六甲基六元瓜环包结了紫精衍生物的烷基部分,形成2∶1比例的哑铃型包结配合物.结果表明,随着紫精衍生物烷基链的增长,紫精衍生物对杂草的除草活性依次减弱,且六甲基六元瓜环可增强紫精衍生物的除草活性.     

应用拓扑指数研究氯代苯酚化合物结构与活(毒)性的相关性

根据分子中原子的结构特征和键的连接性,提出了新的结构信息指数和取代基染色指数计算方法,并利用所计算的指数,运用逐步回归分析方法和最佳变量子集算法对变量进行压缩,进行了20个氯代苯酚与水生动物发光菌毒性相关性分析;分析表明,氯代苯酚化合物对水生动物发光菌的毒性作用与其分子的体积、取代基的位置和多少有关,苯环上的氯原子越多对水生动物发光菌的毒性也就越大;新方法计算结果与前人其他方法计算结果和实验数据相比,偏差非常小,说明新方法计算结果可靠.     

Antifungal activity of 1,3-disubstituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioureas

1,3-disubstituted aliphatic and aromatic symmetrical and unsymmetrical thioureas were synthesised by novel routes and the antifungal activities of these compounds against two plant pathogens, Pyricularia oryzae and Drechslera oryzae were studied in Czapek-Dox medium at four different concentrations using acetone as the control and the structure-activity relationship among the substituted thioureas is reported. © 1998 SCI.     

嘉峪关市接续产业培育和发展研究

甘肃省嘉峪关市是典型的资源型城市,随着重点企业酒钢公司可开采矿产资源的逐步减少,嘉峪关市面临着资源枯竭、产业结构单一、环境污染严重等问题,这些问题阻碍该市经济的可持续发展.分析了嘉峪关市产业发展现状和经济发展中存在的问题,从基础产业、支柱产业、先导产业、关联产业等方面提出有效的接续产业培育的对策建议和措施.培育和发展接续产业不仅能促进嘉峪关市经济的可持续发展,而且对甘肃省其他资源型城市实现经济转型具有重要参考价值.