三种不同植被恢复模式地上生物量及其营养元素含量研究

在广西忻城县喀斯特石山区对三种不同植被恢复模式 (任豆间种竹子模式、金银花模式、竹子模式 )地上部分生物量进行测定 .结果表明 :① 3种不同植被恢复模式的净生物量 ,显示出金银花(1 19t·hm-2 ·a-1) >竹子 (1 0 4t·hm-2 ·a-1) >任豆间种竹子 (1 0 1t·hm-2 ·a-1) ;②各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养 (N ,P ,K)含量 ,显示出任豆间种竹子 (75 0 9kg·hm-2 ) >竹子 (33 4 0kg·hm-2 ) >金银花(2 2 95kg·hm-2 ) ;③各种模式地上部分生物量的主要营养含量的分配 ,均显示出N >K >P的规律。     

墨江县岩溶地区石漠化调查

分析了石漠化调查技术和调查方法,阐述了墨江县岩溶地区石漠化的基本状况、石漠化程度、分布范围和面积,并提出了荒山造林、封山育林等切实可行的治理措施和建议,以期为墨江县岩溶地区石漠化的监测和治理工作提供参考。     

Particle arrangement and internal porosity of coarse fragments affect water retention in stony soils

Information about water retention in stony soils lags behind due to methodological difficulties. We applied a new strategy to measure the water retention in soils with coarse fragments (CFs) and to get insights into the effect of CFs porosity on water retention. Water retention at zero, 10, and 150 m suction, bulk density, and the mass fraction of six particle size classes were measured in undisturbed blocks from soils with variable CFs contents, originating from three parent materials. The results showed that some soils contain porous CFs (2–250 mm) with a water holding capacity as high as the fine fraction (<2 mm). The water held in the suction range of 1–150 m in a soil with porous CFs was twice as high as in soils with non-porous CFs. Multilinear regressions revealed that both the water retention capacity at 1 m suction and in the range 1–150 m were more dependent on bulk density than on the fraction of CFs and fine particles. In the soil with porous CFs, there was no correlation between their fraction and soil water retention. These results show that the bulk water retention capacity of soils with CFs is underestimated when not considering the internal porosity of the CFs. A better understanding of the effect of the porosity of CFs on bulk soil porosity and water retention is important to propose suitable pedotransfer functions and refine physically-based hydraulic functions for stony soils.     

Climatic and edaphic conditions at eragrostis lehmanniana nees sites in Arizona,USA and the cape province,RSA and potential seeding sites in Southern Africa

Climatic and edaphic conditions at Eragrostis lehmanniana Nees sites in southeastern Arizona, USA were compared with those in the Cape Province, RSA to determine a range of conditions under which the species might be expected to establish and persist in southern Africa. Mean annual precipitation amounts and temperature extremes were highly variable where Lehmann lovegrass predominates, but in most summers precipitation accumulations ranged from 150–220 mm and temperature extremes ranged from 20–35°C in 30–40 days. Soils at Lehmann lovegrass sites in the Cape Province were more coarse textured and nutrient concentrations were usually less than at sites in southeastern Arizona; but trends in particle‐size distributions and measured chemical concentrations were generally equivalent. Climatic and edaphic conditions in central Botswana and northeastern Namibia generally range between those in southeastern Arizona and the Cape Province, RSA and we expect that seeded Lehmann lovegrass stands in these areas would enhance semi‐desert grassland productivity.     

沙柳沙障防风阻沙效益的研究

以库布齐沙漠穿沙公路和神东矿区巴图塔沙柳基地为试验区,对沙柳沙障体系内外风速和输沙量进行了野外观测,根据调查和观测资料,利用surfer(8.0)软件作出沙障体系内外的风速流场图,并运用粗糙度(z0)、摩阻速度(u*)等物理参数,对复式沙柳沙障的防风效益和阻沙作用进行了系统研究。结果表明:半隐蔽式、平铺式沙柳沙障防沙体系内外,风速比(V2 m/V0.3 m)的变化随着向沙障体系的逐渐靠近呈非线性增大;粗糙度(z0)的变化则随风速比(V2 m/V0.3 m)的增大表现出两种情况:当旷野风速小于起沙风速时,其趋势线方程为多项式函数,当旷野风速大于起沙风速时,其趋势线方程为指数函数;在沙柳沙障防沙体系内外,由于沙颗粒与沙柳体系内沙柳发生碰撞,输沙率随防沙体系远近的分布不再简单遵循对数或者指数关系,其极值出现的距离随风速的增加而波动,由于沙柳沙障构成的下垫面复杂多变,其对风沙流结构与风沙活动层风速廓线的影响很难确定。     

我国石漠化现状与防治对策

论述了我国石漠化现状、分布特点及成因,提出了林业在石漠化防治中的对策,旨在为科学防治石漠化和制订相关政策提供参考。     

景泰石质山坡沙冬青天然种群分布特征

对石质山坡天然沙冬青的群落特征、种群密度、株高、冠幅、分枝数、新稍生长量等指标进行了对比研究,结果表明：在不同立地条件下,天然沙冬青的种群特征、年龄结构及分布格局有着明显差异;石质山坡沙冬青种群长势顶部优于其他部位,阳坡面优于阴坡面;天然沙冬青种群在阳坡和阴坡顶部呈现均匀分布,而在阴坡中部和底部呈现集群分布;阳坡面和阴坡面沙冬青种群主要为幼树,属稳定性种群,尚未出现严重衰退的迹象。     

中国沙漠、戈壁生态地理区划研究

我国沙漠(含半干旱区沙地)、戈壁面积广阔,集中分布于北方温带、暖温带区域,是生态环境十分脆弱而自然資源相对富集的区域,极需有一个揭示沙漠、戈壁地域分异規律,反映沙漠、戈壁区生态地理特征的地理区划,以满足国家生态建设和资源开发的需求。直到目前我国还没有一个体系完整的这一区划。文中从揭示沙漠、戈壁地理分异規律,为生态建设服务目的出发,选择地域系统指标、气候水热指标和生态景覌指标,将我国沙漠、戈壁地域按3级体系划分:I级区(区)8个,II级区(亚区)31个,其下再按区域生态景观进行第III级(子亚区)的划分,并对第I级与第II级区的基本特征进行阐述。     

岩溶石山地区石漠化的危害与治理对策初探——以广西马山岩溶地下河流域为例

岩溶石山地区的石漠化是当今人们普遍关注的重要岩溶生态环境地质灾害问题。它造成的危害已经严重威胁到国土安全、生态安全和社会经济的可持续发展。研究分析了广西马山岩溶地下河流域石漠化灾害的特征、成因及其与水土流失的关系,并对其综合整治问题提出了对策与建议     

Collembolan assemblages of polar deserts and subarctic nival communities

Collembolan assemblages were studied in two different regions of the Arctic, on the Severnaya Zemlya Archipelago and upon the Putorana plateau (Southern Taimyr). The comparison of assemblages, developed in similar plant associations of the polar desert zone and of nival belt of Subarctic mountains, revealed that there are no common features in their species composition even though their structures were similar. This fact could be considered as an additional argument of the biota uniqueness of the polar desert.