螺螨酯·唑螨酯15%悬浮剂高效液相色谱分析

本文采用高效液相色谱法,以甲醇+乙腈+水溶液为流动相,使用Nova-pak C184μm为填料的不锈钢柱和紫外波长检测器,检测波长254nm,对螺螨酯·唑螨酯15%悬浮剂进行的定量分析。结果表明,方法的标准偏差分别为0.043、0.046,变异系数为0.424%、0.895%,平均回收率为99.59%、99.24%,线性相关系数为0.999、0.999。     

二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯的抗性选育及增效剂的增效作用

［目的］ 探索二斑叶螨对甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗性机理和抗性治理途径。 ［方法］ 采用室内生物测定法,以采自兰州兴隆山自然保护区的二斑叶螨为敏感种群（S）,在室内用甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯分别对二斑叶螨进行抗性选育;用增效醚(PBO)、顺丁烯二酸二乙酯(DEM)、磷酸三甲苯酯(TPP)、有机硅、噻酮进行增效作用研究。［结果］二斑叶螨经室内甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯抗性选育45代和30代后,抗性倍数分别达到314.50倍和77.92倍。TPP、PBO、DEM 3种增效剂对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯种群的抗敏增效比分别为12.15、7.78和3.09,推测其抗性机理涉及的主要解毒酶是羧酸酯酶和多功能氧化酶; DEM对二斑叶螨抗螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效比大于TPP和PBO,分别为4.87、3.67和1.91,二斑叶螨对螺螨酯产生抗性机理可能与谷胱甘肽转移酶和羧酸酯酶活性增强有关。有机硅和噻酮对二斑叶螨抗甲氰菊酯和螺螨酯种群的抗敏增效指数比分别为1.38、1.42和1.18、0.92,说明二斑叶螨的抗性与表皮通透性改变关系不密切。 ［结论］ 上述结果可以为二斑叶螨的抗性治理提供依据。     

两种杀螨剂对害长头螨室内毒力测定

采用室内喷药法测定了联苯肼酯悬浮剂和螺螨酯悬浮剂对为害食用菌的害长头螨(Dolichocybe perniciosa)的毒力。结果表明:不同浓度联苯肼酯和螺螨酯对害长头螨的生长发育均有影响,螺螨酯对害长头螨毒杀效果优于联苯肼酯,二者的致死中浓度分别为38.96mg/L和149.02mg/L,螺螨酯在浓度43.6mg/L时完全抑制害长头螨膨腹繁殖。     

乙唑螨腈与螺螨酯混用对柑橘全爪螨的田间防治效果评价

柑橘全爪螨 Panonychus citri 是一种重要的世界性害螨, 已对多种常用杀螨剂产生了不同程度的抗性?为有效控制该害螨的危害, 本研究于2017年-2018年通过田间小区试验评价了30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC?30%乙唑螨腈SC?240 g/L螺螨酯SC?1.8%阿维菌素EC及43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的防治效果及其对柑橘树的安全性?研究结果表明:试验浓度下, 叶面喷施1次上述药剂均对柑橘树安全?30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC及30%乙唑螨腈SC能有效控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性好, 持效期长达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为76.55%~100%和81.21%~98.30%?240 g/L螺螨酯SC和43%联苯肼酯SC对柑橘全爪螨的控制作用较好, 速效性一般而持效期可达30 d, 药后1~30 d的防治效果分别为69.15%~91.55%和64.63%~88.46%?1.8%阿维菌素EC难以控制柑橘全爪螨危害, 速效性较差, 持效期约15 d; 药后1~30 d对该害螨的防治效果为57.08%~83.39%?综上所述, 在柑橘生产实践中, 为有效控制柑橘全爪螨为害, 应于害螨初发期叶面喷施1次30%乙唑螨腈·螺螨酯SC 75 mg/kg或30%乙唑螨腈SC 100 mg/kg?     

Monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and five other acaricides in Panonychus citri collected from Chinese citrus orchards

BACKGROUND: Citrus red mite, Panonychus citri (McGregor), is one of the most important pesticide‐resistant pests in China. In order better to understand its resistance status, six populations of the mite were collected from Chinese citrus orchards for monitoring of resistance to spirodiclofen and another five acaricides. RESULTS: All the samples collected in the field in 2006 were susceptible to spirodiclofen. However, the LC₅₀ values in populations sampled in 2009 ranged from 3.29 to 418.24 mg L^?1 spirodiclofen, a 127‐fold difference between the least and most sensitive populations. Compared with a susceptible strain, 50‐fold and 90.8‐fold resistance to spirodiclofen was detected in populations sampled from Pinghe and Fuzhou in 2009, as well as cross‐resistance to spirotetramat. The LC₅₀ values for abamectin, fenpropathrin, hexythiazox and pyridaben in the collected samples ranged from 0.041 to 3.52 mg L^?1, from 23.91 to 696.16 mg L^?1, from 13.94 to 334.19 mg L^?1 and from 48.90 to 609.91 mg L^?1 respectively. CONCLUSION: Great variations in resistance to the tested acaricides were observed among the sampled populations. The Pinghe population developed resistance to all the acaricides tested. The Jianning population was susceptible to most acaricides tested, except pyridaben. Resistance management strategies were conducted on the basis of these observations. Copyright © 2010 Society of Chemical Industry     

枸杞中螺螨酯的测定及其储藏稳定性研究

通过GC-ECD结合固相萃取技术建立了螺螨酯在枸杞中的残留分析方法,并研究了螺螨酯在枸杞鲜果及干果中的储藏稳定性。结果表明：在0.01～1.0 mg/kg添加水平下,螺螨酯在枸杞鲜果和干果中的回收率分别为89%~100%和87%~110%,RSD值分别为1.7%~2.7%和1.3%~7.7%,定量限为0.01 mg/kg;在低于-18 ℃条件下储藏10个月的试验期间,螺螨酯在枸杞鲜果和干果中的降解率分别为6%～18%、2%～12%,枸杞干果中的降解率略低于枸杞鲜果,主要原因是枸杞鲜果与枸杞干果的基质不同、含水量不同,但两者降解率均低于30%,说明螺螨酯在枸杞鲜果和干果中比较稳定。     

Monitoring of spirodiclofen susceptibility in field populations of European red mites, Panonychus ulmi (Koch) (Acari: Tetranychidae), and the cross-resistance pattern of a laboratory-selected strain

BACKGROUND: Phytophagous mites such as the European red mite, Panonychus ulmi (Koch), are serious pests in European fruit tree orchards, and a number of acaricides are frequently used to control them. Spirodiclofen (Envidor^®) has been a commonly used acaricide for several years. In the present study, European field populations collected in 2009 and 2010 were checked for their susceptibility to spirodiclofen by using discriminating dose and full dose response bioassays. RESULTS: In 2009 and 2010, a total of 63 field populations (including winter eggs) of European red mites were collected in different European countries, and in several populations from south‐western Germany a shifting in susceptibility against spirodiclofen was observed. Full dose response bioassays on different developmental stages of field‐collected strains suggested an age‐dependent expression of resistance because eggs remain fully susceptible to spirodiclofen. Artificial selection with spirodiclofen of one of the field strains resulted in resistance ratios of > 7000. Synergism studies suggest a possible role of cytochrome‐P450‐dependent monooxygenases in spirodiclofen detoxification. Most of the other acaricides from different chemical classes displayed no or low cross‐resistance in a spirodiclofen‐selected strain. CONCLUSION: In order to preserve spirodiclofen as an important tool in spider mite resistance management, the efficacy situation should be continuously monitored, and it is suggested that spirodiclofen be alternated with acaricides coming from different mode‐of‐action classes. An observed age‐specific expression of resistance revealed full susceptibility of eggs, so targeting spirodiclofen particularly against eggs is likely to reduce the selection pressures imposed on other life stages. Copyright © 2011 Society of Chemical Industry     

柑桔与土壤中螺螨酯农药残留量分析

采用混合提取剂（乙腈：水=4：1）提取、Florisil固相萃取小柱净化、建立了螺螨酯在柑桔与土壤中残留量气相色谱法（电子捕获检测器）测定方法。结果表明，螺螨酯在0．01—1．0mg·L^-1浓度范围内，色谱峰面积与农药浓度呈现良好的线性关系，相关系数大于0．999，仪器最低检出量为1×10^-12g；柑桔全果与土壤中螺螨酯的回收率分别为90．8％～93．8％和87．2％-106％，相对标准偏差分别为5．85％-11．0％和2．05％～5．17％（n=5），最低检出浓度均为0．005mg·kg^-1.     

二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性和敏感种群相对适合度的研究

［目的］ 研究二斑叶螨对螺螨酯的抗药性与适合度的关系,为该螨的抗性治理提供科学依据。［方法］ 在室内温度(25±1)℃,相对湿度(70±5)%,光照14 h条件下通过构建实验种群生命表,比较二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性种群(R)和敏感种群(S)的生长发育和繁殖特征参数,用净增殖率(R0)来确定抗性种群的生物适合度。［结果］ 二斑叶螨抗性种群的若螨期和全世代较敏感种群分别延长0.92 d和0.82 d;雌螨存活时间较敏感种群缩短3 d;二斑叶螨对螺螨酯抗性种群的相对适合度为敏感种群的0.76倍,存在适合度缺陷。［结论］ 在生产上应注意对螺螨酯的合理使用,以延缓其抗性进程,实现可持续治理。