Rural depopulation and recent landscape changes in a Mediterranean region: Consequences to the breeding avifauna

We studied the vegetational and avifaunistic changes following rural depopulation in an area covering 2,600 ha north of Montpellier (Southern France). The study area is covered by a mosaic of Mediterranean habitats that includes cultivation, grasslands, shrublands, and woodlands and is representative of the natural features present and of the human usage practiced so far in this part of the Mediterranean. We sampled the vegetation and the bird fauna in the same 193 census plots in 1978 and in 1992. At both the habitat and landscape scales the cover of woody plants increased significantly. Open habitats tend to disappear. As a consequence the abundance of open-habitat bird species decreased significantly whereas the abundance of forest birds increased significantly. These changes favor a pool of forest species widespread in western Europe and reduce habitat availability for open habitat and shrubland species. Many of the latter are Mediterranean species whose distribution in Western Europe could become reduced under current landscape dynamics. Our observation of more woodlands and their typical birds and of less open habitats and their associated avifauna is not consistent with the traditional worry shown by the public and the managers about the regression of forests and woodlands in the Northern Mediterranean as a consequence of fire.     

不同副梢处理对赤霞珠葡萄生长和结果的影响

试验以3～5年生赤霞珠葡萄(CabernetSauvignon)为试材,对其进行了不同的副梢处理:只留顶端1个副梢、副梢绝后处理、花序以上反复摘心、副梢全留。2年的结果表明:副梢全留(所有副梢全留2～3片叶反复摘心)处理的叶面积指数高,果实的产量和品质高。因此,相对多留副梢叶片,改善了叶幕叶龄结构,提高了果实品质,有利于枝梢成熟。     

中职学校德育课课程改革初探

随着新一轮的中职学校德育课课程改革的深入开展和中职学生主体意识的增强,传统的德育课教学有许多方面需要进一步改进和完善.在中职学校德育课教学中实施高效良性的师生互动,能提高德育课的教学实效和学生的思想道德素质,为学生职业生涯发展奠定基础.     

Effects of Glyphosate on Soil Salinization and Alkalization in Cotton Fields

We analyzed the effects of glyphosate to the index of salinization and alkalization by simulation in soils collected from cotton fields in Anyang, Henan and Anqing, Anhui, China, in 2014. The results showed that application of glyphosate changed electrical conductivity (EC), total alkalinity (TAL), exchangeable sodium percentage (ESP), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) and pH of soil in both regions，compared with the blank control. With increased frequency of glyphosate application and increased concentration applied, all indices increased in the Anqing cotton fields soil which were treated with concentrations of 2.5-20 g·L^－1 . However, EC, TAL and ESP increased dynamically in Anyang soil to which high concentrations of 20 g·L^－1 were applied only four consecutive times. After different glyphosate treatments, the soil pH value showed an upward trend but smaller changes. Therefore, after repeated use of glyphosate to soils of two different region soils, although the changes of all indices were within the range of non-saline and non-sodic soils, the soils affected by salt in the glyphosate aqueous solution tended towards saline-sodic soils.     

城镇污水处理厂供配电系统分析

污水处理已成为城市建设中必不可少的环节,所以对相应的配套工程也提出了更高的要求,本文将对污水处理厂的供配电系统进行简要的分析。     

SALTIRSOIL: a simulation model for the mid to long‐term prediction of soil salinity in irrigated agriculture

The SALTIRSOIL model predicts soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity in irrigated land using basic information on soil, climate, crop, irrigation management and water quality. It extends the concept of the WATSUIT model to include irrigation and crop management practices, advances in the calculation of evapotranspiration and new algorithms for the water stress coefficient and calculation of electrical conductivity. SALTIRSOIL calculates the soil water balance and soil solution concentration over the year. A second module, SALSOLCHEM, calculates the inorganic ion composition of the soil solution at equilibrium with soil calcite and gypsum at the soil’s CO₂ partial pressure. Results from comparing predicted and experimentally determined concentrations, observations and predictions of pH, alkalinity and calcium concentration in calcite‐saturated solutions agree to the second significant figure; in gypsum‐saturated solutions the standard difference between observations and predictions is <3% in absolute values. The algorithms in SALTIRSOIL have been verified and SALSOLCHEM validated for the reliable calculation of soil salinity, sodicity and alkalinity at water saturation in well‐drained irrigated lands. In simulations for horticultural crops in southeast Spain, soil solution concentration factors at water saturation, quotients of electrical conductivity (EC₂₅) at saturation to electrical conductivity in the irrigation water, and quotients of sodium adsorption ratio (SAR) are very similar to average measured values for the area.     

Cotton Research Center,Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Jinan 250100, China

During the long process of evolution, plants have adapted to their environments through the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites (SM) using the acetate-malonate pathway, mevalonic acids pathway, or shikimic acid pathway, leading to resistance to different pests. As a major cash crop, cotton can produce many secondary metabolites with insecticidal activity, and show self-defense mechanisms under biotic stress conditions. These characteristics of cotton ensure reduced pest incidence and maintenance of ecological balance. This paper discusses the types of SMs, their synthesis, and insect resistance of cotton secondary metabolites in relation to their defense function. We propose possible pest-control strategies using secondary metabolites in cotton.     

农业类中职学校建设思路研究

当前,农业类中等职业学校正处于发展的上升期,日新月异,成绩喜人。通过打造学校特色名片提升学校知名度,同时也要强化软硬环境建设,并着眼于以人为本的大局才能使中等职业学校更快更好地发展。     

疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis次级代谢产物分析

为阐明疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis次级代谢产物的化学组成,为其生物活性研究和开发利用提供依据,以本实验室保存的疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis为研究菌株,采用察氏液体培养基对该菌发酵培养30d,收集菌丝体和发酵液,按照植物化学成分传统预试方法进行预试。在此基础上用不同极性有机溶剂梯度萃取得到菌丝体和发酵液石油醚相、氯仿相、乙酸乙酯相和正丁醇相,经薄层色谱检测及气相检测方法对其次级代谢产物进行初步分析。系统预试表明,Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物中含有生物碱、蛋白质、酚类与鞣质、黄酮类、醌类、挥发油和油脂等物质;薄层色谱检测发现,Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物中至少含有5种化合物,且菌丝体和发酵液正丁醇相均有苦马豆素及其类似物存在;气相色谱分析Undifilum oxytropis发酵液中苦马豆素含量为5.17×10~(-3)g/L。疯草内生真菌Undifilum oxytropis发酵产物含有苦马豆素等多种次级代谢产物。