红花粕和水飞蓟粕对生长獭兔的营养价值评定

本试验旨在通过饲养试验和消化试验来评定红花粕和水飞蓟粕在生长獭兔上的营养价值。选取18只60日龄左右、平均体重(1.73±0.21)kg、健康状况良好的白色獭兔,随机分为3个组,每组6个重复,每个重复1只兔。各组分别饲喂基础饲粮、红花粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%红花粕)和水飞蓟粕饲粮(85%基础饲粮+15%水飞蓟粕)。预试期和正试期各5 d。采用化学分析法测定红花粕和水飞蓟粕的总能(GE)及各营养物质含量,采用全收粪法测定生长獭兔对各营养物质的表观消化率。结果表明:红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的GE、干物质(DM)、粗蛋白质(CP)、粗纤维(CF)、中性洗涤纤维(NDF)、酸性洗涤纤维(ADF)、酸性洗涤木质素(ADL)、粗脂肪(EE)、粗灰分(Ash)、钙(Ca)、磷(P)以及无氮浸出物(NFE)的含量分别为:18.81 MJ/kg、93.76%、23.94%、14.95%、19.92%、11.99%、2.19%、1.64%、4.93%、0.37%、0.57%、49.32%与17.12 MJ/kg、91.94%、23.62%、16.21%、38.57%、22.73%、4.04%、2.07%、5.31%、0.29%、0.68%、42.09%。生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中GE、DM、CP、CF、NDF、ADF、EE、Ash、Ca、P和NFE的表观消化率分别为62.60%、61.72%、62.39%、15.68%、26.30%、14.75%、80.69%、38.35%、59.35%、31.98%、79.61%与63.13%、61.94%、68.01%、15.74%、27.64%、14.98%、79.90%、38.20%、60.44%、32.99%、79.81%。由此可见,生长獭兔对红花粕和水飞蓟粕中的不同营养成分的表观消化率存在一定差异,结合2种原料各营养物质含量总体分析,2种原料均可作为獭兔的蛋白质饲料资源应用,并且对生长獭兔的营养价值相近。     

48份红花材料种子含油率及其籽油脂肪酸分析

对川红一号、简阳红花以及来自32个国家的共48份红花材料种子含油率及其籽油脂肪酸组成及含量进行测定,并开展了红花主要农艺性状与种子含油率、籽油中各脂肪酸含量间相关分析。结果表明,来自加拿大的PI559909和法国的PI253529的种子含油率最高,分别达32.68%和31.60%。来自加拿大的PI559909和奥地利的PI253518亚油酸含量最高,分别为83.79%和81.67%。孟加拉国的PI401479油酸含量最高,达53.10%。综合单株种子产量、种子含油率和亚油酸、油酸含量等几个重要指标,发现以加拿大PI559909和匈牙利的PI312275表现较好。试验结果还表明,种子含油率与株高呈极显著负相关和负偏相关,与花期呈显著负相关,与棕榈酸含量呈显著负偏相关。油酸的含量与株高呈显著负相关和负偏相关。亚油酸含量与油酸含量呈极显著负相关,而亚油酸含量与棕榈酸含量呈极显著正相关。棕榈酸含量分别与亚油酸含量和油酸含量呈极显著正偏相关,油酸含量则与亚油酸含量呈极显著负偏相关。     

转人表皮生长因子基因红花研究

【目的】制备转人表皮生长因子(Human epidermal growth factor,hEGF)基因红花植株,为利用植物生物反应器规模化生产hEGF奠定基础。【方法】利用分子生物学方法将植物偏好的双基因hEGF克隆至表达载体pOP上,构建了重组质粒pOP-hEGF-hEGF,采用冻融法将质粒pOP-hEGF-hEGF转入根癌农杆菌EHA105中,通过农杆菌介导方法转化红花,采用PCR检测、Southern blot筛选转基因红花阳性植株。【结果】成功构建了植物特异表达载体pOP-hEGF-hEGF,通过转化红花子叶,共获得了30株转基因红花植株,其中3株鉴定为阳性,转化率为10%;对转化植株进行分子生物学检测,从DNA水平检测结果可知,hEGF基因已整合进红花基因组中。【结论】获得了转hEGF基因的红花株系。     

Wide hybridization and introgression breeding in safflower: Effectiveness of different selection methods

Possibility of using interspecific hybridization to increase genetic diversity of drought tolerance in safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) and effectiveness of different selection methods is poorly understood. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the effectiveness of (a) interspecific hybridization to expand genetic diversity in safflower for agronomic traits and drought tolerance in advance generations and (b) different selection methods (direct vs. indirect) for improving seed yield. Interspecific hybridizations were performed between species of C. tinctorius × C. palaestinus (TP), C. palaestinus × C. oxyacantha (PO) and C. tinctorius × C. oxyacantha (TO). Based on the field screening of genotypes in F3 generation, four groups of selected genotypes (derived from combination of direct and indirect selection under both drought and normal environments along with selection based on drought tolerance index (STI)) were evaluated in F4 and F5 generations. Indirect selection for seed yield was significantly more efficient than direct selection. Selection in stress environment resulted to more efficiency than selection in normal environment. No significant difference was observed between direct selection and selection based on STI. The result showed that TP was the best population to combine high seed yield and drought tolerance in safflower.     

固相萃取——高效液相色谱法分离红花中的黄酮类物质

目的 研究红花中的黄酮类物质。方法 乙醇浸泡提取，固相萃取分离，液相色谱法进行纯度检测，结果 采用的红花中有两种黄酮类物质。结论 洗脱液V（H2O）：V（C4H5OH）=3：7，能很好的分离红花中的两种黄酮类物质。     

基于YOLO v5m的红花花冠目标检测与空间定位方法

针对红花采摘机器人田间作业时花冠检测及定位精度不高的问题,提出了一种基于深度学习的目标检测定位算法(Mobile safflower detection and position network, MSDP-Net)。针对目标检测,本文提出了一种改进的YOLO v5m网络模型C-YOLO v5m,在YOLO v5m主干网络和颈部网络插入卷积块注意力模块,使模型准确率、召回率、平均精度均值相较于改进前分别提高4.98、4.3、5.5个百分点。针对空间定位,本文提出了一种相机移动式空间定位方法,将双目相机安装在平移台上,使其能在水平方向上进行移动,从而使定位精度一直处于最佳范围,同时避免了因花冠被遮挡而造成的漏检。经田间试验验证,移动相机式定位成功率为93.79%,较固定相机式定位成功率提升9.32个百分点,且在X、Y、Z方向上移动相机式定位方法的平均偏差小于3 mm。将MSDP-Net算法与目前主流目标检测算法的性能进行对比,结果表明,MSDP-Net的综合检测性能均优于其他5种算法,其更适用于红花花冠的检测。将MSDP-Net算法和相机移动式定位方法应用于自主研发的红花采摘机器人上进行...     

我国红花分子及生化标记研究进展

红花是传统药用植物,同时兼具油料及工业用途,具有很大的开发应用潜力.随着分子生物技术的发展,国内外学者利用生化标记及分子标记技术对红花进行了深入研究,并取得了很大的进展.综述了我国生化标记及分子标记技术在红花研究中的应用,为更深入地开展红花研究奠定理论基础.     

Evaluation of the germ plasm collection of safflower,Carthamus tinctorius L. VII. Variability of capitulum width and outer involucral bracts' dimensions

Summary A germ plasm collection of safflower, Carthamus tinctorius L., with about 900 lines from over twenty countries was evaluated in Utah, USA for head width and outer involucral bracts (OIB) dimensions, traits affected by both human and natural selection. The regional germ plasm pools contained considerable variability for these traits. Plants bearing short or long as well as narrow or wide OIB were well adapted. Geographical clines were detected for the means of OIB dimensions, indicating possible gene flow. The correlations of the OIB dimensions with yield, yield components, oil content and growing period were not instructive and at times very inconsistent. Primary head diameter varied considerably within the regional gene pools. Its correlations with yield/plant, number of heads/plant, seed weight and oil content were inconsistent. Capitulum width was positively and significantly correlated with the number of seeds per head. Head diameter, however, can vary considerably without affecting seed yield per unit area.