观花乔木树种在沈阳街路推广与应用

通过对沈阳市街路栽植的观花乔木的现状分析,确定了观花乔木的引种与筛选原则,对初选出的近30种观花乔木进行了各种观测试验。基本摸清了这些观花乔木的生物学特性和生态习性;通过应用栽培试验,筛选出栾树、香花槐、红肉苹果、暴马丁香等26种优良观花乔木树种;列出了适合沈阳街路栽植的观花乔木树种名录并进行了推荐。     

浅谈河北地区城市道路绿化的发展——以河北张家口市为例

道路绿化是城市园林绿化的重要组成部分。本文通过笔者所在城市道路绿化发展的概述,总结分析了城市道路绿化发展的四个阶段,以及现今存在的问题和未来的发展方向。     

思澜二级公路改建工程石拱桥加固利用

公路改建工程主要依托老路进行,旧桥加固利用是公路改建工程中重要的环节,对降低工程造价、缩短施工周期、缓解施工中的保通压力有其现实意义,针对思澜公路石拱桥加固利用,对老石拱桥加固技术和经济效益进行探讨。     

基于语义分割的非结构化田间道路场景识别

环境信息感知是智能农业装备系统自主导航作业的关键技术之一。农业田间道路复杂多变,快速准确地识别可通行区域,辨析障碍物类别,可为农业装备系统高效安全地进行路径规划和决策控制提供依据。该研究以非结构化农业田间道路场景为研究对象,根据环境对象动、静态属性进行类别划分,提出一种基于通道注意力结合多尺度特征融合的轻量化语义分割模型。首先采用Mobilenet V2轻量卷积神经网络提取图像特征,将混合扩张卷积融入特征提取网络最后2个阶段,在保证特征图分辨率的基础上增加感受野并保持信息的连续性与完整性;然后引入通道注意力模块对特征提取网络各阶段特征通道依据重要程度重新标定;最后通过空间金字塔池化模块将多尺度池化特征进行融合,获取更加有效的全局场景上下文信息,增强对复杂道路场景识别的准确性。语义分割试验表明,不同道路环境下本文模型可以对场景对象进行有效识别解析,像素准确率和平均像素准确率分别为94.85%、90.38%,具有准确率高、鲁棒性强的特点。基于相同测试集将本文模型与FCN-8S、SegNet、DeeplabV3+、BiseNet模型进行对比试验,本文模型的平均区域重合度为85.51%,检测速度达到8.19帧/s,参数数量为,相比于其他模型具有准确性高、推理速度快、参数量小等优点,能够较好地实现精度与速度的均衡。研究成果可为智能农业装备在非结构化道路环境下安全可靠运行提供技术参考。     

林区公路的路基养护和维修及病害治理

本文论述了路肩的养护及维修,边坡的养护及维修,路基翻浆的治理及其维修,同时又介绍了治理翻浆的几种办法。     

Modeling spatial variability in the life-cycle costs of low-volume forest roads

Cost estimation is probably the most decisive factor in the process of computer-aided, preliminary planning for low-volume road networks. However, the cost of construction is normally assumed to be route-independent for a specific project area, resulting in sub-optimal layouts. This is especially true for mountainous terrain and in areas with unstable subsoil. Here, we present a model for more accurately estimating spatial variability in road life-cycle costs, based on terrain surface properties as well as geological properties of the subsoil. This parametric model incorporates four structural components: embankment, retaining structures, pavement, and drainage and stream-crossing structures. It is linked to a geo-database that allows users to derive location-specific parameter values as input. In applying this model, we have demonstrated that variability in costs ranges widely for mountainous areas, with the most expensive construction being approximately five times greater there than on more favorable sites. This variability strongly affects the optimal layout of a road network. First, when location-specific slope gradients are considered, costs are reduced by about 17% from those calculated via currently available engineering practices; when both slope gradient and geotechnical formations are included, those costs are decreased by about 20%. Second, the length of the road network is increased by about 4% and 10% respectively, compared with current practices.     

突出生态园林思想提高城市道路绿化水平

在总结城市道路绿化的经验及教训的基础上，提出城市道路绿化的规划设计要突出体现“生态园林”的指导思想；在重视城市干道绿化的同时，要进一步加强小街小巷的绿化工作；在树种选择上要做到多样性和地带性相统一；进一步强化道路绿地的养护管理工作，是尽快形成总体效果、发挥生态效益的有力保证。     

Sedimentation associated with forest road surfacing in a bottomland hardwood ecosystem

Access systems are a necessary element of resource production in bottomland hardwood sites. However, road building may have a detrimental effect on hydrologic function of the site. This report describes initial results of a study designed to examine the effect of different road surfacing treatments on water quality.

Four surfacing treatments installed on two test roads included native soil, native soil with vegetative stabilization, 6 cm of gravel, and 15 cm of gravel over geotextile. During the first flooding season periodic sampling measured floodwater suspended sediments and location of erosion and sediment deposition within the road prism. Initial results suggest that sediment movement was confined to the road right-of-way, with no statistically significant sedimentation effects detected beyond the clearing limits of the road. The study is continuing for another field season.     

东北林区道路发展方向的系统工程分析法

诠释了东北林区道路规划布局的新理念。即采用系统工程的理论,东北林区规划看作一个系统,东北林区道路规划以若干个子系统之一的形式出现,研究探讨东北林区道路规划子系统与其它子系统的相关关系,以及由此影响系统目标优化的种种制约因素。     

论林区公路路基排水问题

本文论述了林区公路路基排水情况;路基排水的几种方法及林区筑路的排水问题.