农田防护林更新树种选择及配置模式研究

对农田防护林更新树种和配置模式进行了分析研究。从新品种的引种上筛选出适于河西走廊发展的农田防护林树种为三倍体毛白杨B10 0 8和BT85 ,并能在瘠薄和盐碱化土壤上良好生长 ;经抗寒性分析得出垂柳、云杉、白榆、柽柳、沙枣抗冻性较强 ;为减缓天牛等蛀干害虫危害 ,在林网配置模式上引入了云杉、侧柏、樟子松、垂柳、小叶白蜡、国槐等耐瘠薄抗寒性强的树种 ,营造多树种林带 ,组成混交林网结构 ,使林网中感虫杨树的比例占 2 0 %左右 ,增加了林网结构的稳定性和长效性     

中药合理辐照灭菌剂量设定的初步研究

目前尚无适用于中药辐照合理剂量设定的标准,为了规范中药辐照剂量的设定,本试验参考ISO 11137的标准抗性分布(SDR),计算中药辐照的理论剂量,并与9种中药粉和1种丸剂的实际系列辐照剂量进行比对。结果表明,丸剂和个别中药粉理论剂量比实际剂量偏小,达到-88%~-50%;有7种中药粉的理论剂量与实际剂量基本一致,偏差约为1k Gy。推断大部分中药粉可以通过SDR计算出合理的理论剂量,但对丸剂不建议按照SDR直接进行辐照剂量设定。本研究结果有效地提高了中药合理剂量筛选的效率,降低辐照风险,为中药辐照灭菌剂量的合理设定提供了方法参考。     

Experimental osteoarthritis in the rabbit. III. Acute osteoarthritis: subchondral P02 and oxygen consumption and diffusion capacity in the synovial membrane

The earliest sign of osteoarthritis is acute synovitis with joint effusion and elevated intraarticular pressure, which causes compression of the intracapsular vein segments draining the epiphyseal bone compartment. The increased outflow resistance may cause a fall in the regional blood flow and thereby lead to a state of tissue hypoxia. The acute osteoarthritis may also affect the transfer of oxygen to the cartilage across synovial membrane because of the extensive inflammation with hypercellularity and edema.In the present study we have investigated the subchondral P₀₂ and P_c02 in acute osteoarthritis. There was no significant difference between these gas tensions in the normal and osteoarthritic bone. We have also investigated the oxygen consumption and diffusion capacity in the synovial membrane. The latter was decreased by a factor of 4 in the osteoarthritic joints whilst the oxygen consumption was increased by a factor of 3.     

Natural variation within the genus Beta and its possible use for breeding sugar beet: A review

Summary Sugar beet is a relatively young crop, which supposedly has a narrow genetic base. Natural variation occurring in primitive beet varieties and in wild Beta species has been used for breeding sugar beet. This paper reviews information on desirable characteristics in Beta germplasm and the attempts made for the introgression of such characters into commercial breeding material. After an introduction on the availability of germplasm and the possibilities of hybridisation, attention is focussed on the mating system (especially male sterility), on morphological and physiological characteristics, including yield and sugar content, and on resistances to diseases and pests.     

湖南西瓜抗枯萎病育种研究初报

经苗期接种鉴定与疫土直播鉴定，湖南省西瓜品种资源没有发现高抗枯萎病的材料．用抗病的野生资源与栽培品种杂交，可获得既具抗性、又有较好经济性状的后代，用外源ＤＮＡ导入技术，可获得外源瓠瓜ＤＮＡ导入西瓜的变异后代．     

山区农业机械化问题的探讨

从发展山区农业机械化的必要性出发，在分析我国山区地理、经济、文化等特点的基础上，明确了山区发展农业机械化可能出现的阻力并对这些问题的对策进行了探讨。     

普通木麻黄抗逆无性系的筛选

在室内初步筛选出抗青枯病能力较强的普通木麻黄１２个无性系的基础上，在木麻黄青枯病重病区长乐县大鹤林场进行造林对比试验，从中进一步选择出生长性状良好、抗逆性较强的５个无性系平２０—４、Ｐ１０—３３、５０１、６０１、７０１，其平均死亡率分别仅为７．２％、８．０％、０．８％、１５．４％、６．４％，可供生产上推广应用。从总体考虑，选出的５个抗性无性系中，最佳是５０１，其次是平２０一４。     

长白山红松阔叶林主要树种树皮抗火性的分析与排序

应用因子分析法对长白山红松阔叶林8种乔木树皮的5种性状进行统计分析,得出了树皮抗火性顺序.对树皮抗火性由强到弱的排序为:春榆(胸径52.9 cm)、紫椴(胸径13.5 cm)、蒙古栎(胸径82.8cm)、色木槭(胸径32.5 cm)、水曲柳(胸径31.0 cm)、白牛槭(胸径13.5 cm)、色木槭(胸径34.2 cm...     

Importance of water loss in the chilling injury of grapefruit stored at low temperature

Differences in chilling injury susceptibility of grapefruit from exterior and interior tree canopy positions were used to investigate the hypothesis that water loss is related to chilling injury symptom development during low-temperature storage. The sun-exposed surface of grapefruit from exterior canopy positions was more susceptible to chilling injury and had lower diffusive resistance than the shaded surface of the same fruit. Reducing the rate of fruit transpiration during the first week of storage by a pre-cooling treatment prior to low-temperature storage delayed, but did not eliminate, the development of chilling injury.     

基于离散元法的旋耕刀三向工作阻力仿真分析与试验

为分析旋耕刀所受三向工作阻力及其变化规律,该文通过实测南方果园土壤颗粒参数,逆向重构旋耕刀三维实体,基于离散元颗粒接触理论,构建了适应南方土质环境的旋耕刀-土壤相互作用仿真模型。土槽扭矩对比试验表明,仿真值与试验值的变化趋势相同,扭矩均随转速增加而变大,最大相对误差10%;扭矩先从0增加到某个最大值,接着逐步减小到一个低值,随后又快速增加到一个高值,最后回落,该变化过程同旋耕刀与土壤之间的接触状态相关。单刀受力仿真分析表明,水平阻力方向与前进方向相同,侧向阻力方向为由刀具弯折区内侧面指向刀体,垂直阻力方向为先垂直土面向上后转为向下;水平阻力和侧向阻力在最大耕深处出现最大值,而垂直阻力在入土后转动约30°时出现最大值;水平阻力和垂直阻力的仿真波形与理论计算、土槽试验结果比照表明,对应曲线的变化趋势基本一致,且仿真结果与土槽试验结果更为接近,水平阻力相对误差为11.3%,垂直阻力相对误差为16.8%;水平阻力最大值大于侧向和垂直方向阻力最大值,水平阻力是功率消耗的主要因素;随着转速的增加,3个方向阻力最大值均增大,当转速高于250 r/min时,增速加快;侧向阻力和垂直阻力随前进速度增加而平稳增大,水平阻力却出现下滑趋势;耕深对三向阻力的影响比较显著,增加耕深会急剧增大三向阻力值。相关试验数据可为旋耕机能耗分析、机体作业振动及刀片磨损等研究提供参考。