内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量

为了给内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿（Medicago sativa L.）测土施氮奠定科学基础，本研究采用“零散实验数据整合法”和“养分平衡-地力差减法”新应用公式，开展了该自然区域紫花苜蓿土壤氮素丰缺指标和推荐施氮量研究。结果表明：内蒙古高原生长第1年紫花苜蓿土壤碱解氮第1~6级丰缺指标为≥48，20~48，8~20，4~8，2~4和<2 mg·kg^-1，土壤全氮第1~5级丰缺指标为≥1.4，0.8~1.4，0.4~0.8，0.2~0.4和<0.2 g·kg^-1，土壤有机质第1~6级丰缺指标为≥17，10~17，6~10，3~6，2~3和<2 g·kg^-1。当紫花苜蓿目标产量9~18 t·hm^-2、氮肥利用率40%时，内蒙古高原紫花苜蓿第1~6级土壤推荐施氮量分别为0，68~135，135~270，203~405，270~540和338~675 kg·hm^-2。     

An evaluation of the Olsen test as a measure of plant-available phosphorus in grassland soils derived from basalt parent material

Abstract. Anecdotal and circumstantial evidence have suggested that the Olsen test underestimates plant-available phosphorus (P) in basaltic soils in Northern Ireland. Therefore, the ability of this test to predict plant-available P in basaltic (and non-basaltic) soils was investigated by regressing Olsen-P data against herbage P indices calculated from plant tissue test data using the diagnosis and recommendation integrated system. The average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on basaltic soils was considerably lower than the average Olsen-P concentration for a range of fields situated on non-basaltic soils, and yet mean sward P status, as given by the herbage P indices, was similar for both groups of fields. Herbage P indices were also much better correlated with Olsen-P measurements in non-basaltic soils than in basaltic soils. Furthermore, at low Olsen-P values (≶9mgPL⁻¹) some swards on basaltic soils were genuinely deficient in P, while others were sufficient or even in surplus for this nutrient. The results confirm that Olsen-P is inadequate as a predictor of plant-available P in basaltic soils. It is concluded that an alternative soil test is needed to provide a reliable assessment of plant-available P in basaltic soils, to prevent overuse of fertilizer and manure P and to minimize the amounts of P entering local watercourses.     

京郊露地蔬菜平衡施肥产量和养分数据库的建立

蔬菜施肥推荐需要了解作物的养分需求和收获部分带走的养分量。根据京郊地区露地蔬菜生产的调查结果,结合已有的相关文献和专家意见,建立了京郊露地主要栽培蔬菜的包括目标产量、经济产量、残茬产量、养分需求量、经济产量部分养分含量、作物残茬养分含量等内容的数据库。     

我国金银花产质量影响因素及轻简化施肥推荐

金银花是我国一种用途广泛的传统大宗中药材，年需求量大，影响其产量和质量的因素也较多。本文通过文献检索，从产地特点、品种特性、土壤性质和施肥管理措施及后期加工等方面对影响金银花产质量的主要因素进行了综述。并通过引入结构方程模型，对不同因素对金银花产量的相对影响程度进行了探索性分析，对于某一产地的具体品种，单株产量的主要影响因素是土壤有机质、pH和速效钾含量等土壤因素，和氮肥用量等施肥因素。在此基础上，针对当前施肥现状，借鉴根区施肥法，进行了以干花重为基准的施肥量推荐,并提出了将全年所需肥料一次性施于根区的轻简施肥法，旨在为金银花的轻简化高产高效优质栽培提供思路与参考。     

Soil available potassium affected by rice straw incorporation and potassium fertilizer application under a rice–oilseed rape rotation system

Data from 147 field trials were collected to study the influence of straw incorporation on soil potassium (K) under an intensive rice–oilseed rape rotation system, while pot experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of rice straw incorporation on soil K availability. A significant correlation was observed between the soil available K and the relative yield (RRY) and the relative K uptake (RKU) of oilseed rape, with R² values ranging from 0.07 to 0.08 and from 0.10 to 0.11, respectively, when data were fitted to a logarithmic equation model. In approximately 30% of trials, RRY reached 90%, while soil test available K values were below the critical limit, indicating that soil K values at the time of sampling (within 1 week of rice harvest) underestimated the actual soil K supply capacity. The pot experiment results showed that soil available K was affected by straw incorporation and soil type in the fallow period. The NH₄OAc‐K and NaBPh₄‐K concentrations of soils increased at first, and then, plateaued after 28 days. Straw incorporation significantly influenced the critical soil K concentration, which is important for making accurate K fertilizer recommendation. These results suggested that straw K should be seriously considered in making K fertilizer recommendations. Extending the sampling time from 1 to 3 weeks after the harvesting of rice to stabilize the effects of straw incorporation may help achieve a more accurate evaluation of soil available K.     

基于Bloom Filter的去重方法研究

在个性化新闻推荐系统中，文章去重是一个重要的模块，避免了同一篇文章被重复推荐的现象。在海量用户场景下，采用传统的基于队列的去重方法将会消耗大量的内存。Bloom Filter是一种空间效率很高的随机数据结构，适用于允许有一定误判率的场景。本文基于Bloom Filter，设计双Bloom Filter位数组结构和Bloom Filter位数组链结构。实验证明，基于Bloom Filter位数组链的去重方法，不仅大大降低了程序对服务器内存要求，而且具有较好的灵活性和扩展性。     

高校图书馆数字信息资源主动推送服务

对高校图书馆数字信息资源的主动推送服务进行探索,以提高图书馆的信息资源服务质量,同时为用户利用图书馆信息资源提供更为方便的手段。     

基于RapidSCAN CS-45的新疆滴灌冬小麦氮肥推荐研究

为给滴灌小麦氮营养状况实时评估和氮肥合理施用提供参考,通过2年田间定位试验,以当地主栽品种新冬22号为试验材料,设置5个施氮水平(0、120、240、360、480 kg· hm-2),利用主动式光谱仪RapidScan CS-45获取各生育时期冠层归一化植被指数(NDVI)和归一化红边植被指数(NDRE),分析其与滴...     

基于“3414”模型研究宁夏盐池县玉米氮磷钾施肥效应

2008年在盐池县具有代表性的土壤类型上进行了玉米＂3414＂试验,结果表明：地力贡献率为54.84%,说明土壤属于中等肥力。N、P、K对玉米产量影响大小顺序为N〉P〉K,增产效果居首位的为氮肥,施用纯N 240 kg/hm2的增产效应达到2 751.45 kg/hm2;P肥的增产幅度次之,施用纯P 120 kg/hm2的增产效应达到1 023.45 kg/hm;施用纯K 75kg/hm2的增产效应为236.7 kg/hm2。在不同肥料的交互作用中,N×P的交互作用对产量影响最大,N×P〉N×K〉P×K。施氮（N）量为360 kg/hm2,施磷量（P）为107.81 kg/hm2,施钾量（K）为4.30 kg/hm2时,玉米产量最高为7 652.23 kg/hm2。玉米产量与N、P、K肥料效应回归模型为三元二次多项式回归模型,经显著性检验达到极显著水平,可以为玉米生产施肥提供借鉴。     

基于Web投票机制的免疫协同过滤推荐技术研究

针对投票机制的个性化推荐系统,利用人工免疫网络模型的动态适应性、自组织性等特性,通过构建用户的兴趣模型来设计用户投票行为的抗体（抗原）编码及交叉克隆算子,并通过人工免疫网络模型来产生高效的推荐结果。