1-(1-苯基-1,2,4-三氮唑-3-氧代乙酰氧基)烃基膦酸酯的合成与植物生长调节活性

合成了一系列新的1-(1-苯基-1, 2, 4-三氮唑-3-氧代乙酰氧基) 烃基膦酸酯, 并测定了它们对小麦和黄瓜的植物生长调节活性。结果表明, 在100 Lg/g 时, 所有化合物对小麦芽鞘的生长具有抑制作用, 而在10 Lg/g时化合物6a、6g 对黄瓜显示了较高的促生长活性。     

有机膦酸盐对碳钢在NaHCO3—Na2CO3溶液中钝化性能的影响

采用恒电位方法研究了羟基乙叉二膦酸（ＨＥＤＰ）、二乙烯三胺五甲太膦酸（ＤＥＴＰＭＰ）、三乙烯四胺六甲叉膦酸（ＴＥＴＨＭＰ）、乙二胺四叉膦酸（ＥＤＴＭＰ）对碳钢在ＮａＨＣＯ３－Ｎａ２ＣＯ３缓冲液中钝化过程破裂电位的影响，结果表明；在一定的浓度范围内，上述有机膦酸盐能促进碳钢的钝化，并能使其进入自钝化状态，但当有机磷酸盐浓度增中到一定值后，碳钢的阳极溶解电流又重新增大，有机磷酸盐对碳钢在在含Ｃｌ离子的     

壳寡糖衍生物对烟草花叶病的田间防效试验

测定了壳寡糖、宁南霉素、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱、水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯、5-溴水杨醛壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯对烟草花叶病的抑制效果,结果表明:这些药剂对烟草花叶病毒(TMV)均具有一定的诱导抗病效应,其中以5-溴壳寡糖希夫碱膦酸酯药剂的防治效果较好。     

Synthesis of a biotin-like phosphonate model compound for (+)-hydantocidin

Approaches to the synthesis of biotin-like phosphonate are described. It was hoped that this would be a simpler model compound for the naturally occurring spironucleoside (+)-hydantocidin, but it showed no activity as a herbicide nor as an inhibitor of AdSS.     

Selection for decreased sensitivity to phosphite in Phytophthora cinnamomi with prolonged use of fungicide

To test the hypothesis that resistance in Phytophthora cinnamomi to control by the fungicide phosphite (phosphonate) would arise in sites with prolonged use of phosphite, 30 P. cinnamomi isolates were collected from a range of sites with different phosphite‐use histories, including phosphite‐treated and untreated avocado orchards, and phosphite‐treated and untreated native vegetation sites. The colonizing ability of these isolates was tested by different inoculation methods against a range of host tissues, treated and untreated with phosphite, including mycelial stem inoculation on clonally propagated Leucadendron sp., mycelial root inoculation of lupin seedlings and zoospore inoculation of Eucalyptus sieberi cotyledons. Isolates from avocado orchards with a long history of phosphite use were, on average, more extensive colonizers of the phosphite‐treated Leucadendron sp., lupin seedling roots and Eucalyptus sieberi cotyledons. These isolates did not colonize untreated plant tissue (Leucadendron sp.) more extensively than isolates from sites with no history of phosphite use and no isolates were resistant to control by phosphite. Analysis of all isolates with microsatellite markers revealed the majority were from a single clonal lineage. Selection for decreased sensitivity to phosphite in planta has taken place within asexual clonal lineages of P. cinnamomi in sites with prolonged use of phosphite.     

Action of the fungicide phosphite on Eucalyptus marginata inoculated with Phytophthora cinnamomi

Although phosphite has been effective in the control of P. cinnamomi in E. marginata (jarrah) , the biochemical mechanisms behind phosphite protection are poorly understood. Using an aeroponics system, jarrah clones with moderate resistance to P . cinnamomi were treated with foliar applications of phosphite (0 and 5 g L⁻¹). The roots were inoculated with zoospores of P. cinnamomi at 4 days before and 0, 2, 5, 8 and 14 days after phosphite treatment. Root segments were then analysed for activity of selected host defence enzymes (4-coumarate coenzyme A ligase [4-CL], cinnamyl alcohol dehydrogenase [CAD]) and the concentration of soluble phenolics and phosphite. Lesion development was most effectively reduced when phosphite concentrations within the roots were highest (i.e. days 8–14). During this time, the levels of host defence enzymes remained relatively unchanged. Lesion development was also effectively restricted when phosphite concentrations within the roots were lowest (i.e. days 2 and 5); a significant increase in host defence enzymes was associated with this decrease in lesion development. It was concluded from these studies that the effect of phosphite in controlling the pathogen is determined by the phosphite concentration at the host–pathogen interface. When phosphite concentrations within the roots are low, phosphite interacts with the pathogen at the site of ingress to stimulate host defence enzymes. At high phosphite concentrations, phosphite acts directly on the pathogen to inhibit its growth before it is able to establish an association with the host, and the host defences remain unchanged.     

有机磷农药的分子结构和化学性质

本文综述有机磷农药的分子结构和化学性质,目的是从化学本质上对有机磷农药有较深刻的了解,从而能更好地领会这类农药的作用机理和生物活性,对有机磷农药的保管,使用和三废处理等方面也有指导意义。     

新农药O,O-二甲基-1-(2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酰氧基)乙基膦酸酯的水解

研究了新型除草剂O,O-二甲基-1-(2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酰氧基)乙基膦酸酯(HW-02)在不同pH及温度下的水解动态,并初步探讨了其水解机理。结果表明:25℃时,HW-02在pH 5、7和9的缓冲液中的水解半衰期分别为191.3、6.2和0.2 h,即其在碱性环境中的水解速率较在中性和酸性中的快;在pH 7的缓冲液中,25、35、45和55℃下的水解半衰期分别为6.1、4.2、1.8和0.7 h,温 度效应系数(Q)为1.46～2.64,即其水解速率随温度的升高而加快;HW-02水解反应的活化能与温度之间无明显相关性,且其平均活化能和活化焓均较小,分别为60.51 kJ/mol和57.70 kJ/mol,而其活化熵的绝对值却随温度的升高而增加,表现出显著的相关性,其平均活化熵为-81.00 kJ/(mol·K),表明其水解主要由反应的活化熵驱动。采用气相色谱-质谱联用(GC-MS)技术对HW-02的水解产物进行了分离和鉴定,初步确定其水解产物主要为2,4-二氯苯氧基乙酸,推测其主要水解途径为酯键断裂。     

手性膦酸锆/血红蛋白/金电极的安培型过氧化氢传感器的研究

共电沉积手性膦酸锆Zr(PO4)(H2PO4)0.50(HO3PCH2NCH2SC2H3COOH)0.50.1·6 H2O(ZrPMT)、血红蛋白(Hb)于金电极,制备了安培型过氧化氢生物传感器.制得的生物传感器对于过氧化氢(H2O2)有着良好的响应,检出限为1.6×10-7mol/L,线性范围为5×10-7～2.2×10-4mol/L,相关系数0.99(S/N=3),且该传感器有良好的稳定性和较强的抗干扰能力.     

新型杂环膦酸酯衍生物的合成与生物活性

为了获得广谱、高效的活性先导物,我们在前期研究工作的基础上,结合药物设计原理,采用简便方法合成了一系列新型杂环膦酸酯衍生物,其结构经IR,(~1H,~(13)C,~(31)P,~(19)F)NMR和HRMS(ESI)等确证与表征.生物活性测试结果表明,部分化合物具有抗大肠杆菌、铜绿假单胞杆菌及金黄色葡萄球菌等活性,尤其是化合物A_4,A_8,A_(22),A_(24),A_(27)和A_(28)抗菌活性好,与对照药剂氨苄西林(Ampicillin)的MIC接近或相当.同时,发现部分化合物具有抑制肿瘤细胞增殖的作用,其中化合物A_(24)和A_(28)分别对人结肠癌细胞HT29和人肺癌细胞A549的IC_(50)为18.0±0.7μmol/L和17.1±1.3μmol/L,接近对照药SAHA(IC_(50)分别为14.3±1.1μmol/L和12.5±1.8μmol/L).在此基础上研究其构效关系,对进一步结构改造与优化具有十分重要的意义.