树木挥发物对植食性昆虫的诱导抗性

树木挥发物质对植食性昆虫取食，产卵所产生的诱导抗性是树木与昆虫的长期协同进化过程中的必然结果，树木与植食性昆虫之间发展了一套互相调节，自身开拓资源，产生生存对策的复杂相互关系，本文着重阐明了树木与植食性昆虫的互相策略，诱导抗性的生物化学基础以及诱导抗性在调节植食性昆虫种群中的重要性。     

广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山昆虫名录（Ⅳ）

本文报道广东南岭国家级自然保护区大东山管理站所辖林区广翅目1科2属2种，脉翅目3科8属10种，长翅目1科1属1种，鳞翅目（蛾类）27科213属299种的昆虫名录。     

潜江小城镇景观规划

潜江小城镇的水资源丰富但开发落后，绿系统不完善，街景缺乏工艺性。在对现状调查分析的基础上，提出了对过境公路、水体、街景进行动感空间、情感空间规划的建议，对乡土化设计、恢复性设计进行了探讨。     

棉花害虫综合防治中高效低毒农药的选用技术

经过调查研究,明确了换种转B.t基因抗虫棉后棉田虫害的新变化,制订了以防治棉蚜和棉叶螨为重点的兼治棉铃虫及其他害虫的新策略,并通过近几年的农药田间药效试验,鉴定出用48%多杀霉素悬浮剂、2.5%高效氯氟氰菊酯微乳剂、4.5%高效氯氰菊酯乳油、18%高氯·辛乳油、0.5%甲氨基阿维菌素苯甲酸盐乳油防治棉铃虫;用10%吡虫啉可湿性粉剂、10%烟碱水剂、20%啶虫脒可湿性粉剂防治棉蚜;用20%哒螨灵可湿性粉剂、1%阿维菌素乳油防治棉叶螨等高效低毒农药及其配套使用技术。     

Pest Management in Traditional Tropical Agroecosystems: Lessons for Pest Prevention Research and Extension

Based on current agroecological theory and IPM practices, this review explores the role of traditional practices, involving site selection, soil management, timing of planting and harvesting, crop resistance, intercropping, weed management, harvest residue management, post-harvest management, natural enemies management, mechanical control, repellents and traps in the natural regulation of potential pests. In synthesis, the literature suggests that although pest management professionals focus their efforts on pest control, the preventative approach taken by traditional farmers is more effective. Potential constraints to the implementation of this preventive pest management approach include:(1) lack of integration of ecological theory and pest management, (2) lack of cooperation among social and biological scientists, and (3) lack of real efforts to work with farmers as equals and support mechanisms that protect their knowledge. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

引进天敌昆虫的效果评估

对我国天敌昆虫引进20多年来各阶段的引种量、引进重复率、引种国际范围、引种单位、引进种类和引进后的应用情况的变化进行了分析，结果表明，我国的年平均引种量虽然逐年有所上升，但每年基本上维持在8～10种次。2次、3次引种重复率逐年降低，至2000年2次引种率大约23％。3次引种率在10％左右。引种目标国由4个到38个，引种单位数量变化相对不大，1986年后年平均基本上维持在10个左右。应用效果分3种类型：(1)建立种群起到控害作用；(2)建立不稳定种群控害效果不明显；(3)未能建立种群。     

Mitochondrial DNA analysis of Nepalese domestic dwarf cattle Lulu*

Dwarf Lulu cattle, the only Bos Taurus type of cattle in Nepal, are raised under severe environments in the mountainous zone of that country. In the present study, the body measurement traits, cytogenetic and molecular genetic characteristics of the Lulu cattle are investigated. Blood samples were collected from 31 animals in four villages (altitudes 2590–3550 m) in the southern part of Mustang. The Lulu cattle had a normal karyotype with 2n = 60, XY or XX. Only one male examined had a large submetacentric X‐chromosome and a small submetacentric taurine type Y‐chromosome. The mitochodrial DNA (mtDNA) genotypes were analyzed by PCR mediated restriction fragment length polymorphisms, displacement (D)‐loop region PCR mediated single strand conformation polymorphisms, and D‐loop region sequences. Many base substitutions were found in the D‐loop region, suggesting that the Lulu cattle originated from at least 10 maternal lines. Three types of mtDNA from these cattle were found, the Bos taurus type (n = 23), the Bos indicus type (n = 6), and the Bos grunniens type (n = 2). In the village at the lowest altitude, four of the five cows were of the Bos indicus type. These results indicated that mtDNA types of the Lulu cattle mostly belong to Bos taurus, but have been hybridized with Bos indicus cattle in lower‐elevation regions in their maternal lineage.     

黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E适宜添加量研究

选体重和脚胫颜色度接近的56日龄黄羽肉鸡共960只,随机分为16个处理组,每处理60只鸡。采用双因子4×4水平的随机试验设计,4个维生素A添加水平(0、5000、10000、20000IU/kg)和4个维生素E添加水平(0、30、60、120IU/kg)。结果表明:在维生素A0～10000IU/kg、维生素E0～60IU/kg范围内,黄羽肉鸡的日增重和饲料报酬逐渐提高;日粮维生素A添加量超过10000IU/kg,血浆中维生素E含量有下降趋势。高水平维生素A(20000IU/kg),升高血浆TBARS值,大剂量维生素E(120IU/kg),提高机体脂质稳定性。日粮添加20000IU/kg维生素A对色素的沉积有抑制作用,随维生素E水平的上升,皮肤的颜色指数呈现上升趋势。维生素A和E含量及其互作对血清新城疫抗体效价有显著影响。综合考虑,黄羽肉鸡育肥期维生素A、E的适宜添加量分别为5000～10000IU/kg,30～60IU/kg。     

RAPD分析山西主要地方山羊品种的遗传多态性

现代分子生物技术的飞速发展，为动物育种提供了新的方法和手段，在DNA水平上检测物种的遗传结构和遗传多样性，越来越受到人们的重视。以PCR为基础的DNA多态性检测技术以其检测灵敏度高、操作简便、安全、快捷、经济等优点，逐步广泛地应用于动植物研究中。山西境内现存3个山羊群体，分别为阳城白山羊、黎城大青羊和吕梁黑山羊，在长期自然选择的条件下，各具特征，生产性能和生存环境均有差异，是良好的种质资源。     

Genetic diversity and historic introgression in German Angler and Red Dual Purpose cattle and possibilities to reverse introgression

Recovering native uniqueness has major importance for breeds with historic introgression. The aim of the study was to estimate population genetic parameters for two local red cattle breeds from Northern Germany and to study possibilities to reverse introgression. Genealogical information consisted of 90,783 individuals for German Angler and 187,255 individuals for Red Dual-Purpose cattle breed, with additional information on sex, born, breed, status, and conventional breeding values. It is concluded that the native genetic contribution could be included as an additional trait in the total merit index in order to recover a part of the native genetic background. Native contributions should be estimated in the long term from marker data in order to account for Mendelian sampling. The maintenance of a sufficient genetic diversity of native alleles can be achieved by an advanced OCS with appropriate constraints.