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排序方式: 共有130条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Experimental Mycotoxic Nephropathy in Pigs Provoked by a Diet Containing Ochratoxin A and Penicillic Acid 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
Stoev SD Vitanov S Anguelov G Petkova-Bocharova T Creppy EE 《Veterinary research communications》2001,25(3):205-223
Mycotoxic nephropathy was induced in 18 young pigs by diets contaminated with strains of Aspergillus ochraceus containing ochratoxin A (OTA) and penicillic acid (PA) at levels corresponding to those naturally encountered in animal feeds in Bulgaria. Haematological and biochemical parameters, as well as the morphological and ultrastructural changes in various internal organs, and especially in the kidneys, were examined at different stages of development of the disease. A mottled surface of the kidneys was only seen in pigs exposed to a mouldy diet containing 180 ppb OTA for 3 months, but microscopic lesions, as well as changes in various haematological and biochemical parameters, were observed in all groups exposed to the same mouldy diet containing only 90 or 180 ppb OTA. Histological examination showed two types of change: degenerative changes affecting the epithelial cells of the proximal tubules, which predominated at the initial stage, and proliferative changes in the interstitium, which predominated at the later stage of the disease. Telangiectasis and lymph stasis were also seen, as well as degenerative changes in the capillary endothelium. The characteristic renal lesions were similar to those observed in spontaneous cases of mycotoxic porcine nephropathy in Bulgaria, but they were a little different from the classic Danish porcine nephropathy. The enhanced toxicity of OTA in our study may be due to a synergistic effect between OTA and PA or to some other unknown metabolites produced by the same ochratoxinogenic strains of A. ochraceus. 相似文献
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本试验旨在研究自然霉变玉米对断奶仔猪生长性能、肝脏结构与功能的影响,并初步探讨甘露寡糖可能的缓解作用。试验采用2×2因子设计,20头体重(8.10±0.32)kg的35日龄PIC断奶仔猪随机分为4组,分别饲喂添加不同水平霉变玉米(0、100%)和甘露寡糖(0、0.2%)的饲粮。结果表明:霉变玉米组仔猪全期平均日增重(P<0.01)和平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05);肝细胞发生严重颗粒和空泡变性,肝脏丙二醛含量显著升高(P<0.05)和Bax mRNA表达量极显著升高(P<0.01)。添加甘露寡糖极显著提高仔猪肝脏总抗氧化力(T-AOC)(P<0.01),缓解霉变玉米导致的肝脏病理损伤,且霉变玉米与甘露寡糖对T-AOC的影响具有显著的交互效应(P<0.01)。由此可见,自然霉变玉米降低仔猪生长性能,诱导肝脏氧化应激并损伤肝脏结构;添加甘露寡糖对自然霉变玉米导致的肝损伤有一定程度的缓解作用。 相似文献
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霉菌毒素是由不同种属真菌产生的次级代谢物,其对多种动物(包括人在内)具有显著毒性效果,如降低畜禽生产性能、损害脏器功能、影响机体免疫功能、造成细胞和DNA氧化损伤,甚至导致动物死亡等。饲料及其原料霉菌毒素污染是一个广泛的、全球性的问题,既可在作物田间生长时产生,也可在仓储期间产生,给畜禽养殖业造成了巨大的经济损失,防控霉菌生长及去除饲料中霉菌毒素已成为国内外研究的热点。实际上,不同霉菌毒素对不同动物的损害具有差异性,而在畜禽养殖过程中添加适当物质(如蒙脱石和酶制剂等)可有效抑制霉菌毒素活性,缓解霉菌毒素的毒性。作者详细论述了玉米赤霉烯酮、烟曲霉毒素、呕吐毒素、T-2毒素、黄曲霉毒素和烟曲霉毒素对畜禽的危害,并从物理、化学、生物角度介绍了削减饲料及其原料中霉菌毒素的方法,旨在为合理有效防控霉菌毒素毒害及保障畜禽健康养殖提供参考。 相似文献
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Silage and total mixed ration hygienic quality on commercial farms: implications for animal production 下载免费PDF全文
T. Cogan R. Hawkey E. Higgie M. R. F. Lee E. Mee D. Parfitt J. Raj S. Roderick N. Walker P. Ward J. M. Wilkinson 《Grass and Forage Science》2017,72(4):601-613
Implications of silage hygienic quality for animal production were investigated on forty‐five dairy farms in South West England. Samples of grass and maize silages and of total mixed rations (TMR) were obtained together with information on silage technology, herd size and animal production. Samples were analysed for mycotoxins, bacteria, yeasts, moulds and chemical composition. Thirteen mycotoxins were assayed, but none were detected in the samples of grass silage. However, mycotoxins were found in 0·9 of all maize and other silage samples, with deoxynivalenol and zearalenone predominating. There was no relationship between total mycotoxin concentration and mean lactation milk yield per cow. Enterobacteria counts tended to be higher in maize silage than in grass silage and higher still in TMR – a cause for concern. There were no relationships between mould counts and mycotoxin concentrations in silages, implying that mycotoxins may have been produced in the field pre‐ensiling. 相似文献
6.
Samuel K. Mutiga Nelson Chepkwony Owens A. Hoekenga Sherry A. Flint‐Garcia Rebecca J. Nelson 《Plant Breeding》2019,138(1):38-50
A kernel screening assay (KSA) was used to assess the genetic and environmental effects on the vulnerability of maize to aflatoxin accumulation. Kernels of 26 inbred lines that had been grown in seven environments, and 190 lines of the Intermated B73xMo17 (IBM) population grown in one location in the United States, were inoculated with a toxigenic strain of A. flavus and incubated in the dark at 30°C for 6 days. Percent kernel colonization (PKC), sporulation and aflatoxin were influenced by the maize genotypes (G), the location (“ear environment” or E) and the GxE interactions. Overall, low broad‐sense heritabilities were observed for PKC, sporulation and aflatoxin. PKC was significantly correlated with sporulation in all environments. Aflatoxin was positively correlated with colonization for two and with sporulation for all ear environments. Higher grain sulphur or magnesium in IBM was associated with less colonization or aflatoxin. Postharvest susceptibility of maize to aflatoxin is thus influenced by factors that are modulated by the ear environment. In a KSA, sporulation could be a proxy test for aflatoxin accumulation. 相似文献
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Preparation on the basis of Trichoderma asperellum in the system of biological protection of wheat from Fusarium ear scab 下载免费PDF全文
During the last century, as the area of wheat grown under advanced grain husbandry has increased worldwide, so too has the importance of Fusarium ear scab (FES) (synonym, Fusarium head blight) caused by several species of the fungus Fusarium. Yield losses due to FES can total 20%-40% and more depending on climatic conditions. During the last twenty years epidemics of FES in cereals have become chronic all over the world, including the United States and Russia. The most destructive of t… 相似文献
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镰刀菌毒素对动物毒性作用的研究进展 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
镰刀菌是污染粮食和饲料的主要真菌菌属之一,可产生多种高毒性、低分子量的代谢产物,如玉米赤霉烯酮、脱氧雪腐镰刀菌烯醇、T-2毒素等,这些毒素严重威胁动物和人类的健康.摄入镰刀菌毒素可对动物造成多种毒性作用,包括生殖毒性、免疫毒性、肠道毒性、肝肾毒性、细胞毒性及致癌性等.不同类型镰刀菌毒素引起的毒性作用不尽一致,且不同毒素... 相似文献