Cumulus Oophorus Expansion of Bovine Oocytes Cultured in vitro: A SEM and TEM Study

Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from antral follicles (3–6 mm in diameter). COCs with a compact multilayered cumulus investment were cultured for 9, 13 and 24 hours, respectively, and processed for scanning or transmission electron microscopy after different periods of culture including a 0 hour control group. In all 0 hour control COCs initial formation of cumulus cell projections, blebs and microvilli were observed. The start of cumulus-oocyte disconnection in cattle was observed after 9 hours of in vitro culture. These connections were almost completely discrupted after 13 hours, when a continuous production of extracellular matrix was observed. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not observed even after 24 hours. Some cumulus oophorus cells were bound together with junctions of the zonula adherens type after 24 hours when extracellular matrix was found only in deeper layers. The full expansion of corona radiata cells was not the prerequisite for disconnection of cumulus-oocyte complex. Inhalt: Kumulus oophorus Expansion von in vitro kultivierten Rinderoozyten: Eine SEM und TEM Untersuchung Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexe (COC) von Rindern wurden aus antralen Follikeln aspiriert (Durchmesser 3–6 mm). COC's mit kompakten mehrschichtigen Kumulus wurden für 9, 13 und 24 Stunden kultiviert und für die Scanner- oder Transmissionselektronenmikroskopie vorbereitet. Verschiedene Kulturzeiten incl. einer 0-Stundengruppe als Kontrolle wurden untersucht. In allen Kontroll COC's wurden beginnende Formationen yon Kumuluszellprojektionen, Bläschen und Mikrovilli beobachtet. Nach 9-stündiger in vitro Kultur begann die Lösung zwischen Kumulus und Oozyte. Die Verbindungen waren nach 13 Stunden vollständig unterbrochen, wobei eine kontinuierliche Produktion extrazellulärer Matrix beobachtet wurde. Eine vollständige Expansion der Corona radiata Zellen wurde auch nicht nach 24 Stunden beobachtet. Nach 24 Stunden waren einige Cumulus Oophorus Zellen über Verbindungen des Zonula adherens Typs verknüpft, wobei extrazelluläre Matrix nur in den tieferen Zellschichten gefunden wurde. Eine vollständige Kumulusexpansion ist keine Voraussetzung für die Auflösung des Kumulus-Oozyten-Komplexes.     

长蛸脑显微结构及视腺的超微结构

为研究长蛸神经系统结构及神经调控机制,通过解剖学和石蜡组织切片技术对长蛸的脑部结构进行观察。结果显示,以食道为参照,根据所处位置将脑分为3部分:食道上神经团、食道下神经团以及位于食道上下神经团两侧的视叶区。食道上神经团包含垂直叶、上额叶、下额叶、前基底叶和后基底叶,食道下神经团包含腕叶、足叶、巨细胞叶、色素细胞叶、内脏叶、外套内脏叶和血管舒缩叶,视叶区包含视神经、视叶、视腺、嗅叶、脑脚叶和视神经束。采用石蜡组织切片、光镜和透射电镜技术对视腺进行显微和超显微结构观察,结果发现视腺外有一层结缔组织包裹,位于视神经束区上,与嗅叶和脑脚叶相邻;内部可观察到大量分泌细胞,细胞核较大,直径范围为4～8μm;分泌细胞含有丰富的粗面内质网、高尔基体及高尔基体分泌的分泌小泡与大泡。研究表明,长蛸视腺结构特征与曼氏无针乌贼和真蛸的高度相似。     

包装对龙眼果实贮藏期间果皮失水褐变和细胞超微结构的影响

研究了(10±1)℃和50%相对湿度贮藏条件下无包装和0.015 mm厚的聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装的“福眼”龙眼果实果皮失水、果皮褐变和细胞超微结构变化。结果表明,无包装的龙眼果实采后极易失水导致果皮迅速褐变,且褐变随贮藏时间的延长和果皮失水率的增加而升高,果皮褐变指数与果皮失水率呈极显著正相关(P<0.01)。在龙眼果皮失水褐变过程中,果皮细胞的细胞器和膜系统的完整性受到严重的破坏。而聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装则显著减少了果皮失水和抑制果皮褐变,并保持较好的果皮细胞的细胞器和膜系统的完整性。据此认为,聚乙烯薄膜袋密封包装抑制龙眼果实失水果皮褐变与其维持细胞器和细胞膜的完整性有联系。     

黄花菜胚囊受精前后的超微结构观察

 应用透射电镜技术研究黄花菜（Hemerocallis citrine Baroni）助细胞、卵细胞、中央细胞、 合子与初生胚乳核的超微结构特征。结果如下：助细胞有高度发达的丝状器;一个助细胞在花粉管进入 后退化;宿存助细胞在合子期退化。受精前,卵细胞、助细胞合点端无壁,细胞膜完整;受精后,合子 被完整的细胞壁包围。受精前超微结构特征显示卵细胞代谢活动低,合子期的代谢活性被激活;中央细 胞、初生胚乳核代谢活性较高。卵细胞质中的精核由双层核膜包被,染色质高度凝聚,核孔数少。助细 胞、卵细胞、中央细胞缺乏中央大液泡是黄花菜成熟胚囊的显著特征。     

Characterization of Competitive Mycelial Growth in Pleurotus eryngii

Competitive mycelial growth(CMG)between Pleurotus eryngii isolates is genetically controlled,and stable CMG responses(positive,neutral or negative)were recorded among the strains tested.Correlations between CMG responses and mycelial growth rate were observed.CMG simultaneously reflects information relating to somatic incompatibility and mycelia growth rate in edible mushrooms,and can be readily and reliably applied to studies on genetic polymorphism among this group of fungi.     

平菇菌盖超微结构的研究

利用透射电镜，对平菇菌盖的超微结构进行了观察。平菇成熟菌丝细胞有完整的双层细胞壁结构，内含细胞膜，线粒体，细胞核，内质网，泡囊，核糖体，糖原、须边体及典型的桶孔隔膜，有的细胞中，糖原颗粒了聚集在细胞质中，泡囊中也含有大量颗粒。线粒体膜，核膜，孢子膜均为双层，轮廓清晰。孢子中有线粒体、核、泡囊、核糖体、内质网。老化菌丝内有较大液泡，不见各种细胞器。     

高钼对小尾寒羊睾丸生精功能和病理损伤作用的研究

2月龄雄性小尾寒羊12只,随机分为3组,Ⅰ组饲喂基础日粮(Mo 5.61 mg/kg),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组饲喂高钼日粮(在基础日粮中分别添加30、60 mg/kg的钼构成).120 d后取睾丸,检测精液品质,以流式细胞术和透射电镜的方法观察睾丸的变化.结果表明,与Ⅰ组相比,Ⅱ、Ⅲ组睾丸指数显著降低(P＜0.01),精子密度和精子活力显著下降(P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间差异显著(P＜0.05);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组睾丸细胞G0/G1期显著升高,S期,G2 +M期和增值指数(PI)显著降低(P＜0.05或P＜0.01),Ⅱ、Ⅲ组之间各项指标差异极显著(P＜0.01);Ⅱ、Ⅲ组睾丸细胞线粒体肿胀、空泡化,内质网扩张,胞核染色质边集,精子顶体膜模糊或缺损,Ⅲ组出现核溶解的现象.结论:日粮钼含量≥30 mg/kg可造成小尾寒羊睾丸超微结构损伤,导致精液品质和生精功能下降.     

雏鸡感染IBDV后法氏囊显微和超微结构的观察

运用光镜、电镜技术，观察了雏鸡实验感染传染性法氏囊病病毒（ＩＢＤＶ）后，其法氏囊显微和超微结构的动态变化。光镜观察表明，在感染早期，淋巴滤泡髓质部的淋巴细胞发生坏死，间质轻度水肿。感染后４ｄ，淋巴滤泡皮质内的毛细血管呈一典型的出血带环绕髓质，髓质部的淋巴细胞多已坏死、崩解。继之，整个淋巴滤泡呈网络状或囊状空泡。感染６ｄ以后，固有膜内的网状细胞和毛细血管大量增生，新的淋巴滤泡形成。电镜观察证明，在感染早期，淋巴细胞质内的内质网与核膜扩张，线粒体嵴紊乱或空泡化。继之，淋巴细胞核液化，细胞坏死、崩解。巨噬细胞和多核巨细胞大量出现，其胞浆内含有大量吞噬体和吞噬泡。     

Species-specific differences of the avian oesophagus: Histological and Ultrastructural study

The oesophagus is a muscular tube comprised of cervical and thoracic regions. Several studies have clarified the histological structure of the oesophagus. However, its histoarchitecture in relation to variable dietary habits of each species is still unclear. In the current study, 21 pigeons, cattle egrets and ducks, n = 7, each was used. Macroscopically, the oesophagus of cattle egrets either the cervical or thoracic parts was the longest among the pigeons and ducks. Histologically, the oesophagus comprised of four distinct tunicae: mucosa, propria submucosa, musculosa and adventitia or serosa. A great structural variation in these layers among the three investigated species was recorded. In the cervical oesophagus of pigeons, the superficial squamous cells showed perinuclear halo zone, the propria submucosa was characteristically lacked any gland. Moreover, its musculosa was very thick. On the other hand, the intraepithelial glands were characteristically distributed along the whole length of the cattle egret’s oesophagus. Interestingly, the cervical esophagus of the ducks showed submucosal associated lymphatic tissue; diffuse and nodular Ultrastructurally, the oesophageal glands showed secretory granules of variable electron densities, electron - lucent in the pigeons and ducks and electron - dense in the cattle egrets.