番茄溃疡病菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

以SYBR Green I为指示剂,建立了番茄溃疡病菌的环介导等温扩增可视化快速检测方法。根据番茄溃疡病菌特异的核糖体转录间隔区序列设计了4条引物进行LAMP扩增,通过对体系中各成分进行优化,最终确定25μL反应体系中模板200ng,MgSO4的适宜浓度为3.0mmol/L,Bst DNA聚合酶2U,dNTPs的适宜浓度为0.3mmol/L,外引物与内引物之比为1∶3时扩增效果较好,在65℃最佳反应时间为40min。在优化的体系条件下,获得的反应产物经SYBR Green I染色后,肉眼观察检测灵敏度可达到50CFU/mL,且对番茄溃疡病菌的检测具有高度的特异性。结果表明,该方法快速、准确、灵敏、特异,具有良好的实用性。     

玉米细菌性枯萎病和玉米内州萎焉病的酶联免疫—实时荧光PCR检测

针对玉米细菌性枯萎病和玉米内州萎焉病这两种检疫性病菌进行酶联免疫—实时荧光PCR检测研究,对该方法进行了特异性、灵敏度以及实际样品模拟试验。结果表明,该方法具有较好的特异性,检测低限在100~200 cfu·mL-1,同时可用于实际样品的检测鉴定。     

Inhibitory activities of venom alkaloids of Red Imported Fire Ant against Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis in vitro and the application of piperidine alkaloids to manage symptom development of bacterial canker on tomato in the greenhouse

Tomato bacterial canker caused by Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis (CMM) is a highly destructive disease that has caused major economic losses in tomato production worldwide. In seeking disease management alternatives, the inhibitory activity of alkaloids extracted from the Red Imported Fire Ant was studied in the laboratory and the greenhouse. Piperidine and piperideine alkaloids each significantly inhibited CMM growth on nutrient agar plates. The inhibitory activity of piperidine alkaloids was stable at 4 ^° C and 22 ^° C for 12 weeks and at 54 ^° C for 4 weeks. The growth of CMM was negatively correlated with the concentration of piperidine alkaloids in nutrient broth. In the greenhouse, piperidine alkaloids also significantly reduced the symptom development on two tomato cultivars, Better Boy and DRK7018F1. This is the first demonstration that piperidine and piperideine alkaloids from the Red Imported Fire Ant are highly inhibitory against a plant-pathogenic bacterium, viz. CMM. Piperidine alkaloids could provide satisfactory management of CMM bacterial canker on tomato seedlings in the greenhouse. Our findings may lead to the development of a new group of bactericides.     

番茄溃疡病菌的PCR-DHPLC快速检测

根据番茄溃疡病菌ITS序列,设计并合成了PCR-DHPLC检测引物,对番茄溃疡病菌及其他病菌共10个标准菌株进行了PCR-DHPLC检测。结果表明,番茄溃疡病菌的PCR-DHPLC检测图谱出现了特异性吸收峰,而其他病菌均未在相同洗脱时间出现吸收峰,说明这种方法具有检测番茄溃疡病菌的特异性。灵敏度实验结果表明,PCR-DHPLC体系与PCR-琼脂糖凝胶电泳体系的检测灵敏度一致。研究表明,PCR-DHPLC方法是一种特异、灵敏、快速的番茄溃疡病菌检测方法。     

双重PCR检测马铃薯晚疫病和环腐病方法的建立

通过克隆马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌转录间隔区(ITS)序列,并对测序结果进行同源性比较,选取差异位点分别设计了两对引物P.IN1/P.IN2和C.IN1/C.IN2,并检测了引物的特异性及方法的灵敏度。引物P.IN1/P.IN2可扩增出1条363bp马铃薯晚疫病菌的特异性条带,在DNA水平上其灵敏度达18fg/μL;引物C.IN1/C.IN2可扩增出1条218bp马铃薯环腐病菌的特异性条带,在细菌数上检测灵敏度为104 cfu/mL。混合这两对引物构建双重PCR反应体系,能从马铃薯环腐病菌和晚疫病菌的混合DNA及感染这两种菌的马铃薯植株中同时扩增到363bp和218bp的特异片段。实现了同时对马铃薯晚疫病菌和环腐病菌的快速可靠检测。     

Survival of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis in infected tomato stems under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco

The survival and half-life of Clavibacter michiganensis ssp. michiganensis ( C. michiganensis ), the causal agent of bacterial canker of tomato, were determined in infected plant debris under natural field conditions in California, Ohio and Morocco using a semiselective agar medium. The organism survived significantly longer in tomato stems left on the soil surface than in stems buried in the soil at all locations studied. The pathogen was recovered in high amounts from tomato stems left on the soil surface for 314 days in Ohio and California, USA, and for 194 and 132 days in Melk Zhar and Aït Melloul, Morocco, respectively; it was recovered from stems buried in the soil for up to 314 days in Ohio, up to 240 days in California, and up to 60 days in Aït Melloul and Melk Zhar. The half-life of the pathogen in stems left on the soil surface ranged from 23·2 to 24·8 days in the USA, and from 7·8 to 12·3 days in Morocco, whereas the half-life in buried stems ranged from 14·0 to 16·7 days in the USA and from 3·7 to 9·5 days in Morocco. Based on the half-life data, the predicted survival times of C. michiganensis in stems on the soil surface in Ohio, California, Melk Zhar and Aït Melloul would be up to 822, 770, 424 and 261 days, respectively, while the predicted survival times in stems buried in the soil would be 541, 497, 305 and 128 days, respectively. These results show that the survival and half-life of C. michiganensis in plant debris are relatively long and are influenced by both tissue exposure and geographic location.     

基于锁式探针的番茄溃疡病菌实时荧光PCR快速检测

【目的】从口岸进境番茄种子中检测番茄溃疡病菌（Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. michiganensis,CMM）,一直以来都受检测周期的限制,快速、特异地从种子中检测该病原细菌需要新的方法。研究在锁式探针扩增方式上,选择连接酶依赖的PCR扩增方式,并结合实时荧光PCR技术,旨在建立番茄溃疡病菌基于锁式探针技术的实时荧光PCR快速检测方法,为口岸番茄种子快速检疫提供技术支持。【方法】根据番茄溃疡病菌的一段特异基因Pat-1序列,设计锁式探针的T1和T2臂,使之与CMM的特异性片段碱基序列互补,再按照锁式探针的设计原则设计锁式探针和扩增引物以及荧光探针。试验时,先将锁式探针与CMM以及参照菌株的DNA模板在DNA连接酶作用下分别进行环化连接,再用核酸外切酶Ⅰ和核酸外切酶Ⅲ消化未环化的线性锁式探针,最后以环化的锁式探针为模板,在扩增引物的作用下进行实时荧光PCR试验。建立CMM基于锁式探针技术的实时荧光PCR检测方法,分别比较该方法的特异性和灵敏度与常规PCR方法的差异,并用该方法对收集的来自日本、韩国和中国台湾的番茄种子以及国内采集的共45份样品进行检测。【结果】基于锁式探针技术的实时荧光PCR检测方法能够从供试的菌株中特异性地检出CMM,在供试的10种菌株中,只有靶标细菌能被特异性地检测到阳性,空白对照和其他参试菌株均没有荧光信号的增加,检测为阴性。比较该检测方法与常规PCR方法,其特异性和常规PCR方法一致。该检测方法检测灵敏度高,DNA最低浓度检测为50 fg•μL-1,而常规PCR方法检测DNA最低浓度为5 pg•μL-1,灵敏度高于常规PCR两个数量级。对收集的样品进行检测,结果显示,45份样品中共有5份样品CMM检测结果为阳性,分别是日本的番茄种子样品2份（编号Jap1214、Jap1102）,永泰采集的样品2份（编号为Yongt1001、Yongt1002）和闽清采集的样品1份（编号为Minq1001）。【结论】建立的基于锁式探针技术的荧光PCR方法具有高度的特异性和灵敏度,应用该检测方法对收集的进境番茄种子进行检测,可以直接从番茄种子中检测到CMM,该方法适合口岸番茄种子CMM的快速检测,有较好的口岸检疫实际应用价值。     

玉米内州萎蔫病菌LAMP快速检测方法的建立

[目的]建立玉米内州萎蔫病菌的快速恒温扩增检测技术.[方法]利用GenBank公布的玉米内州萎蔫病菌(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.nebraskensis,Cmn)16S-23S序列设计LAMP(loop-mediated isothermal amplification)引物,建立玉米内州萎蔫病菌LAMP检测体系,并对反应条件进行了优化.[结果] LAMP在内引物、环化引物和外引物比为6∶4∶1(30 pmol∶20 pmol∶5 pmol)的25山体系下64℃反应30 min为最佳反应条件,且LAMP引物能从供试的7种菌株中特异性扩增出Cmn梯度性条带.以玉米内州萎蔫病菌基因组和菌悬液梯度稀释液为模板检测LAMP体系的灵敏度,结果显示,LAMP检测体系针对基因组和菌悬液的灵敏度分别达到了50fg和3.6CFU,比普通PCR灵敏度高100倍.[结果]LAMP检测体系简单、快速、灵敏度高、特异性好,在玉米内州萎蔫病菌检测方面潜力巨大.     

番茄溃疡病菌单克隆抗体的制备与鉴定

为制备并鉴定番茄溃疡病菌(Clavibacter michiganensis subsp.michiganensis,Cmm)的单克隆抗体(McAbs),用全菌皮下免疫BALB/C小鼠,采用B细胞杂交瘤技术,经免疫、融合、间接ELISA筛选和克隆等,获得稳定分泌抗体的阳性杂交瘤细胞株,得到了抗番茄溃疡病菌的单克隆抗体。经免疫后获得3株单抗分别为1A4、1C3和1B7,经亚类鉴定分别是IgM、IgG1、IgG1;纯化腹水间接ELISA效价分别为1:3.2×106、1:8.1×105、1:3.2×106;与其他同属不同亚种无交叉反应。结果表明:3株单克隆抗体均具有较高特异性和敏感性,可作为番茄溃疡病菌的检测抗体,其中,1A4的效果最好。番茄溃疡病菌单克隆抗体的获得为进一步研发番茄溃疡病检测试剂盒奠定了基础。     

Immunity to Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus: Inheritance of immunity in Solanum acaule

Summary Bacterial ring rot of potato (Solanum tuberosum) has not been successfully controlled through management of certified seed. Therefore, the identification of immunity to this pathogen and its introgression into the cultivated potato is vitally important to the potato industry. Immunity was detected in the disomic tetraploid 2EBN (Endosperm Balance Number) species S. acaule. Immune and nonimmune parents were crossed in a 4 × 4 mating scheme that consisted of four immune × immune crosses, four immune × nonimmune, four nonimmune × immune, and four nonimmune × nonimmune crosses. Analysis was performed on the 16 F₁ populations and 54% of the progeny was found to exhibit an immune response to inoculation with Clavibacter michiganensis subsp. sepedonicus (Spieck & Kotth.) Davis et al. Immunity appears to be conferred by two dominant alleles, one at each locus, and may be associated with minor or modifying genes. Phenotypic expression of nonimmune progeny ranged from susceptible to resistant, probably due to minor or modifying genes. These results indicate that it may not be difficult to transfer immunity into the cultivated potato.