品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶活性差异及β-胡萝卜素漂白性研究

为了解东北地区大豆品种间大豆脂肪氧化酶(LOX)活性差异规律,整理适于东北地区种植的大豆种质资源307份(6份半野生品种,17份地方品种及4份国外品种,其余为栽培品种),统一种植,秋季收获后,测定各品种成熟籽粒脂肪氧化酶总活性。分析品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性分布规律、大豆脂肪氧化酶总活性与β-胡萝卜素漂白性之间关系。结果表明,307份大豆品种间脂肪氧化酶总活性差异极显著,平均值为21.68 U·mL~(-1),最小值为2.51 U·mL~(-1),最大值为42.38 U·mL~(-1)。根据脂肪氧化酶总活性差异,通过聚类分析将307份大豆品种分为3类。低活性品种占总量43.65%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为15.25 U·mL~(-1);中等活性品种占总量43.97%,脂肪氧化酶活性平均值为24.64 U·mL~(-1);高活性品种占总量12.38%,脂肪氧化酶总活性平均值为33.87 U·mL~(-1)。脂肪氧化酶总活性与油分含量呈正相关,与蛋白含量呈负相关,与漂白性呈正相关。     

The 5‐lipoxygenase inhibitor tepoxalin induces oxidative damage and altered PTEN status prior to apoptosis in canine osteosarcoma cell lines

The 5‐lipoxygenase (5‐LOX) inhibitor tepoxalin has been shown to slow canine osteosarcoma (OSA) tumour xenografts growth, yet the mechanisms are poorly elucidated. Further examination of tepoxalin in canine OSA cell lines shows that tepoxalin treated cells undergo apoptosis through caspase‐3 activation and annexin staining. Interestingly, apoptosis is superseded by an increase in reactive oxygen species (ROS), as measured by activation of dihydrorhodamine 123 and mitosox. This increase in ROS appears to be related to the 5‐LOX inhibitor regardless of cellular 5‐LOX status, and was not observed after treatment with the tepoxalin metabolite RWJ20142. Additionally, 5‐LOX inhibition by tepoxalin appears to increase phosphatase and tensin (PTEN) homolog activity by preventing its alkylation or oxidation. PTEN modification or inhibition allows phosphoinositide‐3 (PI3) kinase activity thereby heightening activation of protein kinase B (AKT) phosphorylation. Our data suggest that off target oxidation and LOX inhibition play roles in the apoptotic response.     

Increased abundance of patatins,lipoxygenase and miraculins in a thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank somaclone with enhanced resistance to common scab

Potato common scab caused by the actinobacterium Streptomyces scabiei is characterized by the formation of corky lesions on tubers that reduce their marketability. Management of common scab is very complex and often ineffective under various environmental conditions. Using potato varieties that are more resistant to common scab remains one of the most efficient strategies to control this disease. However, very little is known about the factors associated with resistance to common scab. Somaclone RB9 regenerated from thaxtomin A-habituated potato Russet Burbank calli produced tubers more resistant to common scab than the original variety. Comparison of the RB9 tuber proteome with that of Russet Burbank using label-free quantitative proteomic analysis revealed changes in the accumulation of defence-related proteins from the patatin and lipoxygenase (LOX) families, which are involved in the metabolism of lipids, and of two miraculins of the Kunitz-type protease inhibitors family. The implication of LOX during common scab infection was studied using synchronized minitubers developed from leaf-bud cuttings. S. scabiei infection stimulated the accumulation of LOX in both Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers, but this accumulation was intensified in RB9 minitubers. Infection also increased LOX activity in Russet Burbank and RB9 minitubers. However, LOX activity measured in noninfected RB9 minitubers was similar to that of infected Russet Burbank minitubers, indicating endogenous activation of LOX activity in RB9 minitubers. We discuss how increased LOX abundance and activity in the somaclone RB9 may contribute to improving tuber defence against common scab.     

花生种子脂肪氧化酶鉴定方法研究

借鉴其他作物脂肪氧化酶的鉴定方法,根据花生脂肪氧化酶同工酶等电点差异,利用等电聚焦电泳技术,建立花生脂肪氧化酶同工酶的鉴定方法,并探讨其适宜实验条件。该方法具有分辨率高、特异性强的特点,为广泛开展花生脂肪氧化酶筛选鉴定工作奠定基础。     

紫外分光光度法测定啤酒大麦籽粒脂氧合酶活力的研究

为了明确影响啤酒大麦籽粒脂氧合酶(LOX-1)活力的参数,以甘啤4号啤酒大麦籽粒为研究对象,采用紫外分光光度法探究底物浓度、提取缓冲液p H、反应体系缓冲液p H、提取时间、粗酶加入量∶底物加入量等对LOX-1活力的影响。结果表明,LOX-1活力随底物浓度的增加表现为先增加后减小的趋势,当底物浓度达到0.30mmol·L~(-1)时,LOX-1活力显著高于其它处理;随提取缓冲液p H的增加,LOX-1活力表现为双峰变化趋势,且在p H值5.0处,酶活力为9.85U·g~(-1),显著高于其它处理;粗酶提取时间为30min时,LOX-1活力显著高于其它处理,低于或者高于30min,酶活力均呈现降低趋势;LOX-1活力随反应体系p H的增加,表现为双峰变化趋势,当p H值为6.4时,酶活力最大,且与其它处理间存在显著差异;在其它条件不变,粗酶加入量为50μL的情况下,增加底物加入量,LOX-1活力表现为先增加后减小的趋势,且底物加入量为200μL时,酶活力显著高于其它处理。最终确定紫外分光光度法的测定参数:粗酶提取时间为30min,底物浓度为0.25mmol·L~(-1),提取液和反应体系缓冲液分别为p H值5.0醋酸盐缓冲液与p H值6.4磷酸盐缓冲液,粗酶加入酶量∶底物加入量为1∶4。研究结果为紫外分光光度法在啤酒大麦籽粒LOX-1活力测定中的应用提供了参考。     

Response dynamics of three defense related enzymes in cotton leaves to the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera (Hübner) herbivory and omethoate application

In order to explore the response dynamics of the activities of defense related enzymes in cotton leaves towards the interactive stress of Helicoverpa armigera herbivory and omethoate application, the activities of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase(PAL), lipoxygenase(LOX), and polyphenol oxidase(PPO) were examined from 6 to 126 h after cotton leaves were treated 12 h of H. armigera herbivory, and then sprayed with 800 mg L–1 omethoate. The results showed that the changes in the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO that occured under the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application reflected the interactive effects of the two stresses on cotton defense. The similarity between the response dynamics of PAL, LOX, and PPO activities in cotton leaves under the interactive stress and that under H. armigera herbivory treatment alone showed that the induction of H. armigera herbivory on the activities of PAL, LOX and PPO in cotton leaves played a leading role in the interactive effects, and the effect of omethoate application played only a minor role. A joint factor analysis was performed according to a method which has been used to analyze the joint toxicity of pesticides; this analysis sought to clarify if there was a synergistic, antagonistic, or additive effect on PAL, LOX, and PPO activity in cotton leaves resulting from the interactive H. armigera herbivory and omethoate treatment. In the interactive effect on the response of PAL activity in cotton leaves, antagonistic effects of the omethoate application towards H. armigera herbivory were observed at 6 and 12 h. Synergistic effects were then observed at 18 and 30 h. Antagonistic effects were observed from 54 to 78 h and synergistic effects were finally observed at 126 h. The correlation between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application in the interactive effect on cotton defense responses of LOX activity also fluctuated from synergism to antagonism during the time course. In the interactive effect on PPO activity, only antagonism was observed between H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application. In the interactive stress of H. armigera herbivory and omethoate application on cotton defense responses, omethoate affected the defense responses of cotton to H. armigera herbivory by producing antagonistic and synergistic effects. These results will be useful to understand the relationship between host plant and herbivorous pest.     

光敏核不育水稻幼苗叶片脂氧合酶活性及其基因表达的昼夜变化

为探查光敏核不育(PGMS)水稻中脂氧合酶(LOX)活性的光暗期变化特性,以PGMS水稻N5088S和D38S、常规水稻中早25、盐粳7号和中嘉早17及三系不育水稻G2A和东B11A为材料,在不同光周期(12L/12D、14L/10D和10L/14D)和光/暗期温度(30℃/30℃和30℃/26℃)下,研究了其幼苗叶片中LOX活性的昼夜变化,并采用RT-PCR方法对PGMS水稻幼苗叶片进行LOX基因的昼夜表达分析。结果表明,在所有光周期和培养温度处理下,PGMS水稻LOX活性均表现出暗期高而光期低的昼夜变化规律,但常规水稻和三系不育水稻的LOX活性均无明显的光暗期差异;暗期PGMS水稻LOX活性显著高于常规水稻和三系不育水稻。在12L/12D光周期和30℃/26℃(L/D)的培养温度下,检测的13个LOX基因中,检测到8个Os LOX基因,OsLOX2、Os LOX3、Os LOX4、Os LOX8和Os LOX13等基因的表达丰度在N5088S和/或D38S幼苗叶片中呈现暗期高光期低的趋势。因此,光敏核不育水稻N5088S和D38S幼苗叶片LOX活性及Os LOX家族的部分基因的表达具有明显的暗期高光期低的变化特征。     

大豆凝集素和脂肪氧化酶双价RNAi表达载体的构建及其遗传转化

【目的】应用RNA干扰技术,同时抑制大豆凝集素(Soybean agglutinin,SBA)和脂肪氧化酶(Lipoxygenase,Lox)基因在种子中的表达,改良大豆营养品质,为培育优质大豆材料奠定基础。【方法】根据RNAi原理,酶切获得Lox目的片段,构建以除草剂Bar基因为筛选标记、种子特异性启动子P7αP启动SBA和Lox双干扰的pCAMBIA3301-SBA-Lox(pSBA-Lox)干扰表达载体,并通过农杆菌介导法转化大豆(品种为吉农28),采用PCR、Southern杂交和实时荧光定量PCR对转基因植株进行检测。【结果】质粒PCR和酶切鉴定结果表明,双价RNAi植物表达载体pSBA-Lox构建成功。将其转入到大豆中,对转化植株进行PCR、Southern杂交检测,结果显示,外源基因以单拷贝形式整合到植物基因组中,并能遗传给后代。T1代转基因植株的实时荧光定量PCR分析显示,转基因植株中SBA基因和Lox基因在籽粒中的表达量比未转化受体植株均明显降低,SBA基因表达量降低了35.9%~47.2%,Lox基因表达量降低了32.8%~56.1%,而在幼嫩叶片中的表达量相比对照植株变化不大。【结论】获得了大豆凝集素和脂肪氧化酶表达量均明显降低的T1代转基因大豆。     

Chitosan Stimulates Defense Reactions in Grapevine Leaves and Inhibits Development of Botrytis Cinerea

Chitosan (β-1,4-linked glucosamine oligomer) derived from crab shells conferred a high protection of grapevine leaves against grey mould caused by Botrytis cinerea. Under controlled conditions, it was shown to be an efficient elicitor of some defense reactions in grapevine leaves and to inhibit directly the in vitro development of B. cinerea. Treatment of grapevine leaves by chitosan led to marked induction of lipoxygenase (LOX), phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) and chitinase activities, three markers of plant defense responses. Dose-response curves show that maximum defense reactions (PAL and chitinase activities) and strong reduction of B. cinerea infection were achieved with 75–150 mg l⁻¹ chitosan. However, greater concentrations of chitosan did not protect grapevine leaves with the same efficiency, but inhibited mycelial growth in vitro. Present results underlined the potency of chitosan in inducing some defense responses in grapevine leaves which in turn might improve resistance to grey mould.     

紫果西番莲果实发育过程中挥发性香气物质及相关酶活性的变化

以西番莲香气物质较丰富的紫果‘台农1号’为试材,选取未成熟（T₁）、近成熟（T₂）和完全成熟（T₃）3个时期果实,采用顶空–固相微萃取–气质联用（HS-SPME-GC-MS）技术测定3个果实发育过程的挥发性香气物质组成及含量变化情况,同时检测对应果实中酯类香气物质合成相关的脂氧合酶（LOX）和醇酰基转移酶（AAT）活性,以期了解不同发育时期果实主要致香物质变化情况及物质与相关酶活性之间的相关性。结果表明：随着西番莲果实成熟度的增加,挥发性香气物质的种类和含量均有很大的提高,3个时期检测的香气物质总数分别为72种、95种和136种,总峰面积呈倍数增加;未成熟（T₁）和近成熟（T₂）2个时期萜烯类和酯类物质为主要的挥发性香气物质,在完全成熟（T₃）时期主要的挥发性香气为酯类,其峰面积占总峰面积达80.31%;随着果实成熟度的增加,酯类香气的种类和含量不断的提升,其中己酸乙酯,1-甲基己酯-己酸、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、1-甲基辛酯-丁酸、己酸己酯、1-甲基己酯-丁酸、丁酸己酯、(Z)-3-己烯基酯-己酸、乙酸己酯、2-甲基-辛酯-丙酸、辛酸己酯、3-羟基乙酯-己酸、(Z)-2-丁酸-乙酯等含量提升或占比较大,这些脂肪酸代谢途径产生的酯类在西番莲果实成熟过程中可能发挥了致香作用。LOX是酯类合成第一步的限速酶,AAT为酯类合成最后的关键酶。对不同发育期果实酯类合成相关酶活性测定结果表明,随着果实成熟度的增加,LOX、AAT酶活性呈上升趋势,尤其是T₃时期AAT酶活性显著的提升。由此推断,紫果西番莲果实发育过程中LOX和AAT酶的活性与酯类香气成分形成直接相关,酶活性的提升促进酯类香气的合成。