Dietary Lipid Levels Affect the Growth Performance,Lipid Deposition,and Antioxidative Capacity of Juvenile Scaleless Carp,Gymnocypris przewalskii,on the Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau

A 56‐d growth trial was conducted to evaluate the growth performance, lipid deposition, and antioxidative capacity of juvenile scaleless carp, Gymnocypris przewalskii, on Qinghai‐Tibetan Plateau. One‐year‐old juveniles (initial weight: 15.99 ± 0.02 g) were fed practical diets with different lipid levels of 4, 5.5, 7, 8.5, and 10%, respectively. Results showed that the best specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion rate, and total antioxidative capacity (T‐AOC) in hepatopancreas were observed in fish fed the diet with 7% lipid level. Fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) had significantly higher condition factor and viscerosomatic index as well as lipid in muscle, intestine, mesenteric fat tissue, and whole body. Highest level of hepatopancreas lipase and lipoprotein lipases activities as well as malondialdehyde content and the lowest level of feed intake and T‐AOC content in hepatopancreas and intestine were also observed in fish fed with high lipid diets (8.5 and 10%) (P < 0.05). In conclusion, based on SGR and hepatopancreas T‐AOC content, dietary lipid requirement of juvenile G. przewalskii was estimated to be 7.35 and 7.39%, respectively.     

酵母铬与L-肉碱对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响

选用21周龄海兰褐壳蛋鸡288只,随机分为9组,每组32只,采用3×3(铬×L-肉碱)2因子3水平有重复交叉试验设计,预试2周后,在玉米-豆粕型日粮的基础上添加不同水平的酵母铬(以铬计:0、400、600μg/kg)与L-肉碱(0、50、100mg/kg),以饲喂基础日粮组为对照组,用以研究二者对蛋鸡生产性能及脂质代谢的影响,并初步探讨二者的互作效应,试验期7周。结果表明:600μg/kg铬或100mg/kgL-肉碱对脂质代谢多数指标效果显著(P<0.05或0.01);二者同时添加对蛋黄胆固醇、肝脏甘油三酯及腹脂率等均产生显著互作效应(P=0.0003～0.0500),且400μg/kg铬和100mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低蛋黄胆固醇比其它各组均表现出优势,400μg/kg铬和50mg/kgL-肉碱混合添加对降低腹脂率比其它各组均表现出优势。铬或(与)L-肉碱在降低蛋鸡肝脂、腹脂及蛋黄胆固醇的同时并未影响蛋鸡的生产性能。     

Branched‐chain amino acid ratios in low‐protein diets regulate the free amino acid profile and the expression of hepatic fatty acid metabolism‐related genes in growing pigs

Liver metabolism is affected by nutrients. The aim of this study was to explore the effects of low‐protein diets (17% crude protein, CP) supplemented with branched‐chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile) and valine (Val), on hepatic amino acid profile and lipid metabolism in growing pigs. The ratio of Leu : Ile : Val in all groups was 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (20% crude protein, CP), 1 : 1 : 1 (17% CP), 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 (17% CP), 1 : 0.51 : 0.63 (17% CP) and 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 (17% CP) respectively. Results revealed that compared to the positive control group (1 : 0.51 : 0.63, 20% CP), the low‐protein diets significantly augmented the concentrations of most essential amino acids and non‐essential amino acids (p < .05), with the greatest values observed in the 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 group. Moreover, relative to the control, the low‐protein diets with the Leu : Ile : Val ratio ranging from 1 : 0.75 : 0.75 to 1 : 0.25 : 0.25 markedly downregulated the mRNA abundance of acetyl‐CoA carboxylase (ACC), lipoprotein lipase (LPL) and fatty acid‐binding protein 4 (FABP‐4) (p < .05), and upregulated the mRNA expression of hormone‐sensitive lipase (HSL), peroxisome proliferator‐activated receptor‐g coactivator‐1α (PGC‐1α), uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) and liver carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (L‐CPT‐1) (p < .05). Therefore, our data suggest that protein‐restricted diets supplemented with optimal BCAA ratio, that is, 1 : 0.75 : 0.75–1 : 0.25 : 0.25, induce a shift from fatty acid synthesis to fatty acid oxidation in the liver of growing pigs. These effects may be associated with increased mitochondrial biogenesis.     

饲料中维生素A对青鱼幼鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝脏糖脂代谢酶活性及基因表达的影响

为研究饲料中维生素A(VA)对青鱼幼鱼生长、血清生化指标和肝脏糖脂代谢相关酶活性及基因表达的影响,实验选取360尾初始体质量为(6.10±0.10) g的青鱼幼鱼,随机分配至3个实验组中,每个实验组设置3个平行。采用单因素实验设计,以无维酪蛋白和明胶为蛋白源、菜籽油为脂肪源、糊精为糖源,同时添加矿物质混合物和维生素混合物(无VA添加)配制成3组实验饲料,分别以饲料1 (Diet1)、饲料2 (Diet2)和饲料3 (Diet3)表示。在饲料1、饲料2和饲料3中分别添加0、2 200和20 000 IU/kg VA醋酸酯(500 000IU/g),经高效液相色谱法(Agilent-1100, Agilent,美国)检测后实验饲料中VA的实际含量分别为178.2、2 058.9和18 436.2 IU/kg,养殖周期为8周。结果显示:饲料中VA缺乏会显著降低青鱼幼鱼的增重率(WGR)和特定生长率(SGR);VA缺乏会显著降低血清血糖(GLU)、甘油三酯(TG)和低密度脂蛋白(LDL)浓度,增加总胆固醇(TCH)浓度。饲料中添加2 058.9IU/kg VA能显著提高肝脏己糖激酶(HK)、磷...     

盐分胁迫对不同番茄品种生理生化指标的影响

在无土栽培条件下,以1/2MS营养液及含NaCl浓度分别为50、100、200、400mM的营养液对3个番茄品种“红润156”、“早冠二号”和“黄圣女”处理一周,研究盐胁迫对番茄幼苗叶片的影响.结果显示：随盐分浓度的增加,植株伤害加重.番茄叶片细胞膜透性增大,丙二醛（MDA）含量,过氧化物酶活性先升高后降低,脯氨酸含量明显增加,叶绿素含量下降.但各指标的变化程度因番茄品种不同而异.在盐胁迫下,“黄圣女”的脯氨酸含量、过氧化物酶活性,叶绿素含量都明显高于另外两品种,“早冠二号”最低.细胞膜透性和丙二醛（MDA）含量则是“早冠二号”最高,“红润156”居中,“黄圣女”最低.     

中国水产品的可持续供给

为探讨饲料中添加串叶松香草对团头鲂幼鱼生长性能、抗氧化能力和脂代谢的影响,实验选取240尾初始体重为 (3.85±0.50) g的团头鲂幼鱼,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每重复20尾鱼。各组分别投喂串叶松香草添加水平为0% (对照组)、2%、4%和6%的实验饲料,饲喂8周后测定鱼体生长性能、肌肉组成、血液生化、肝肠抗氧化和肝脏脂代谢相关基因表达。结果显示,相较于对照组,4%和6%串叶松香草组的增重率、特定生长率显著下降,6%组的终末均重显著降低,饵料系数显著增加。在抗氧化能力方面,2%串叶松香草组鱼体肠道过氧化氢酶 (CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)活性显著高于对照组。在脂肪沉积和代谢方面,4%和6%串叶松香草组鱼体肌肉粗脂肪含量显著高于对照组。4%和6%串叶松香草组肠道脂肪酶活性显著低于对照组。6%串叶松香草组血清中的甘油三酯 (TG)、胆固醇 (TC)、高密度脂蛋白 (HDL)、低密度脂蛋白 (LDL)均显著高于对照组。4%和6%串叶松香草组肝脏中脂肪合成基因fas、srebp1c的表达量显著升高。同时,6%串叶松香草组肝脏中脂肪分解基因lpl、cpt1a、pparβ的表达量显著下降。CCl₄溶液腹腔注射应激96 h后2%串叶松香草组累积死亡率低于对照组,且应激24 h后鱼体肝脏SOD活性显著高于对照组。研究表明,在饲料中添加2%的串叶松香草对团头鲂幼鱼的生长和饲料利用无不利影响,并且能够提高肠道的抗氧化能力,而当添加量增加至4%和6%时会抑制鱼体生长,并引起团头鲂幼鱼脂肪沉积。本研究结果为串叶松香草在水产动物饲料中的应用提供了参考。

     

24-表油菜素内酯对低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系抗氧化系统的影响

【目的】探讨外源EBR（24-表油菜素内酯）对低氧胁迫下黄瓜（Cucumis sativus L.）根系的生长和抗氧化系统的影响。【方法】采用营养液水培法,以抗低氧能力较强的黄瓜品种绿霸春4号和抗低氧能力较弱的品种中农8号为材料,研究根际低氧胁迫下外源施用EBR对黄瓜根系生长、ROS及抗氧化酶活性的影响。【结果】在低氧胁迫下,EBR处理显著促进了低氧胁迫下两品种黄瓜幼苗根系生长,提高了SOD、APX、GR活性及AsA、GSH含量,降低了O 、H2O2及MDA含量。【结论】外源EBR处理通过促进低氧胁迫下黄瓜幼苗根系中抗氧化酶活性和抗氧化剂含量的提高,降低ROS含量,增强植株抗低氧胁迫的能力。     

Effects of extruded and pelleted diets with differing lipid levels on growth,nutrient retention and serum biochemical indices of tilapia (Oreochromis aureus × Tilapia nilotica)

This study was conducted to evaluate the effects of extruded diets and pelleted diets with varying dietary lipid levels on growth performance and nutrient utilization of tilapia. Six diets, containing three levels of lipid at 40, 60 or 80 g kg^?1 (with the supplemental lipid of 0, 20 or 40 g kg^?1, respectively), were prepared by extruding or pelleting and then fed to tilapia juveniles (8.0 ± 0.1 g) in cages (in indoor pools) for 8 weeks. The results indicated that the fish that were fed the diet with 60 g kg^?1 of lipid had a higher weight gain (WG), specific growth rate (SGR), protein efficiency ratio (PER), lipid retention (LRE), energy retention (ERE), apparent protein digestibility, apparent dry matter digestibility and a lower feed conversion ratio (FCR) than those fed the diet with 40 g kg^?1 lipid in both the extruded diet and pelleted diet (P < 0.05). As the dietary lipid level increased from 60 to 80 g kg^?1, these parameters were not further improved, even digestibilities of the crude protein and dry matter decreased (P < 0.05). With the dietary lipid level increased, whole‐body lipid content significantly increased (P < 0.05), serum aspartate aminotransferase, alkaline phosphatase, total cholesterol and low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL‐C) tended to increase (P > 0.05), whereas whole‐body protein content, serum triglyceride (TG), high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL‐C) and HDL‐C/LDL‐C tended to decrease (P > 0.05). Fish fed with the extruded diets had a higher WG, SGR, hepatosomatic index (HSI), PER, protein retention (PRE), LRE, ERE, TG, apparent digestibility of protein and dry matter, as well as a lower FCR, than those fed with the pelleted diets at the same dietary lipid level (P < 0.05). These results suggested that tilapia fed with the extruded diets had a better growth and higher nutrient utilization than fish fed with the pelleted diets, when dietary lipid level ranged from 40 to 80 g kg^?1 and at dietary crude protein level was 280 g kg^?1. The optimum dietary lipid level was 60 g kg^?1 in both the pelleted and extruded diets, and extrusion did not affect dietary lipid requirement of the tilapia.