UHT乳中产耐高温脂肪酶嗜冷菌的研究

从牛乳中筛选到1株产耐高温脂肪酶的嗜冷菌株DW-A,通过对其形态学及生理生化特性的研究,鉴定该菌株为脆弱假单胞菌(P.fragis).对其生长特性进行了研究,菌株DW-A在发酵液体培养基中振荡培养时,0h～12h为生长延迟期,12h～36h为对数生长期,36h～84h为稳定期,84h后为衰亡期;最适生长温度为20℃;最适作用pH值为7.0;最适培养液NaCl浓度为0%～1%.     

脂肪酶连续催化桐油酯交换反应制取生物柴油

为了提高酶法催化桐油制取生物柴油的生产效率,找到适合其工业化生产的工艺,该文探索了固定化脂肪酶连续催化桐油与甲醇酯交换反应制取生物柴油的连续反应工艺条件,在流化床反应器中、43℃的反应温度下,考察了反应液体积流量、脂肪酶填充密度、醇油摩尔比、反应连续时间等因素对单根反应器内连续酯交换反应的影响,得到了单根反应器连续反应条件：反应液体积流量为0.33 mL/min,醇油摩尔比为0.75︰1,脂肪酶填充密度为0.15 g/mL,酯交换率达22%;利用4根相同反应器串联操作,操作参数与单根反应器相同,油脂一次加入,在进入每根反应器前向反应液中加入油脂酯交换反应所需理论甲醇量的1/4,在该连续反应工艺条件下,桐油的酯交换率达到88%～92%。结果发现,本连续反应工艺条件比间歇反应具有更高的生产效率,可以应用于酶法制取生物柴油的工业化生产中。     

有机溶剂耐受性脂肪酶的研究进展

耐有机溶剂脂肪酶在有机溶剂存在下仍保持高酶活,因此在应用中有着其他脂肪酶无法取代的优越性,而具有高活性耐有机溶剂脂肪酶因其具有理论和应用上的双重意义成为了近年来的研究热点。从描述耐有机溶剂脂肪酶生产菌的微生物特征入手,系统阐述了耐脂肪酶的来源、分类、酶学特性及最新进展,概述了耐有机溶剂脂肪酶在食品、洗涤、制药等工业上的应用。     

原料乳嗜冷菌分泌热稳定性酶类检测方法的研究进展

嗜冷菌是导致原料乳以及乳制品腐败的主要微生物类群。巴氏杀菌或超高温瞬时(UHT)灭菌后,几乎除去了全部的嗜冷菌,但细菌分泌的热稳定的蛋白酶和脂肪酶却并未完全钝化,进一步影响原料乳风味以及质地。测定原料奶中热稳定蛋白酶和脂肪酶的活性是控制嗜冷菌污染原料奶的前提。本文综述了原料乳中嗜冷菌分泌的热稳定性酶类的快速检测技术,比较了这些方法的优缺点,并对此领域的技术发展方向进行了展望。     

碱性脂肪酶固定化条件及其催化生物柴油的研究

该文以改性的硅胶为载体,通过戊二醛交联固定化碱性脂肪酶,得到较佳固定化条件：当戊二醛浓度为0.8 g/L,给酶量为30 U/g时,酶活回收率效率达到90%以上。通过改变溶剂的种类、给酶量、含水率、底物摩尔比、甲醇的流加方式等参数,考察了脂肪酸和甲醇在固定化碱性脂肪酶催化下合成生物柴油的工艺条件,试验结果表明在20 mL正己烷,给酶量7.5 g（12 U/g）,脂肪酸10 g,酸醇摩尔比为1︰1.2,含水率4%条件下,分3次加入甲醇,40℃反应8 h,反应体系酯化率达到了82%。     

Lipolysis and Lipid Oxidation during Processing of Chinese Traditional Dry-Cured White Amur Bream (Parabramis pekinensis)

Lipolysis and lipid oxidation of intramuscular lipids during the dry-curing process of white amur bream (Parabramis pekinensis) were studied. All lipolytic enzyme activities decreased (p < 0.05) at the end of the process. The lipoxygenase activity increased during wet-salting (p < 0.05) and then decreased until the end of the process (p < 0.05). The daily variation of free fatty acids was correlated with those of the peroxide value (r = 0.976, p < 0.01) and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (r = 0.922, p < 0.01), respectively. These results suggest that lipolysis promotes lipid oxidation during the processing of dry-cured fish.     

日粮能量水平对猪脂肪酸合成酶和激素敏感酯酶的影响

选择初始体重约20kg的长白×荣昌杂交猪72头,随机分为3个处理,研究日粮能量水平对生长育肥猪脂肪酸合成酶(FAS)和激素敏感酯酶(HSL)活性及基因表达量的影响。日粮消化能分别为11.75MJ/kg(低能量组)、13.05MJ/kg(中能量组)和14.36MJ/kg(高能量组)。试验猪体重达到100kg时屠宰。结果表明:与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织、肝脏组织和肌肉组织的FAS活性显著提高(P<0.05),而HSL活性明显降低,并且FAS和HSL活性具有组织差异性,脂肪组织中活性最高,肝脏组织中的活性其次,肌肉组织中的活性最低;与低能量组相比,中能量组和高能量组的脂肪组织和肌肉组织的FASmRNA表达量均明显提高,HSLmRNA表达量均显著降低(P<0.05)。本研究结果初步表明,能量水平调控脂肪沉积可能是通过调节FAS和HSL的活性及基因表达量来实现的。     

A simple method for detection of lipolytic microorganisms in soils

Media selective for the isolation of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi were amended with 0.1% sunflower oil emulsified with 0.01% Tween 80. Lipase-producing microorganisms produced clear zones on these media. When lipase-producing bacteria were cultured on a polycarbonate membrane laid on the selective medium for bacteria, clear zones were produced on the medium when the membrane along with bacteria was removed. The agar disc cut from the clear zone also produced a clear zone when placed on the fresh medium, indicating that clear zone formation is the result of the activity of extracellular lipases. The largest population of lipase-producing microorganisms in an agricultural soil was actinomycetes followed by bacteria and fungi. Ranging from 12 to 75% of bacteria, actinomycetes and fungi isolates from soils collected from three different locations were capable of producing lipases. In general, relatively small percentages of soil bacteria were lipase producers, and lipase producers were more common among soil actinomycetes and fungi. These three groups of microorganisms appear to be all important in decomposition of oils in organic matters in soils.     

水溶性蜂胶的酶解制备工艺优化

为提高蜂胶在水中的溶解性而制备水溶性蜂胶。以水溶液中黄酮提取率为指标,研究了酶的种类、酶反应温度、pH值和酶用量对促进蜂胶水溶性的影响,通过单因素和正交试验优化脂酶制备水溶性蜂胶的工艺条件。以蜂胶醇提液和维生素C为参照,采用N,N-二苯基三硝基苯肼（DPPH）自由基清除率测定方法评价水溶性蜂胶抗氧化能力。正交试验结果表明,影响脂酶水解蜂胶效果的因素从高到低依次为酶用量、酶反应时间、pH值、酶反应温度。脂酶对蜂胶水解的优化条件为,脂酶用量11%,反应时间为2.25 h,酶解液初始pH5.5,酶反应温度为40     

The determination of lipase and phospholipase activities in gut contents of turbot (Scophthalmus maximus) by fluorescence-based assays

To study the potential of fluorescence based assays in the study of lipid digestion in fish, acyl esters of 4-methylumbelliferone and 1-acyl-2-[6 (7 nitro-1,3 benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]caproyl labeled phosphatidylcholine compounds (NBD-PC) were used as substrates for the assay of neutral lipase and phospholipase, respectively, in the gut contents of turbot. 4-Methylumbelliferyl hepatanoate (4-MUH) was hydrolysed at a higher rate than the butyrate or oleate esters whilst the hexanoic (C6) ester of NBD-PC was a more convenient substrate for the phospholipase assay than the dodecanoic (C12) ester. Neutral lipase activity was almost 10% higher when 50 mm potassium phosphate buffer pH 7.8 was used instead of 0.01 m citrate/sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2. Both assays were very sensitive: neutral lipase and phospholipase activities were detectable at a minimum protein concentration in the digesta of 0.04 and 1.25 mg/ml, respectively. When the variations in lipolytic activities with gut segment and with size of fish were examined neutral lipase activity was always found to be higher in the hindgut and rectum segments than in the foregut. Although phospholipase activity was also found to be highest in the hindgut of the largest fish examined (av. wt. 182.3g), in fish of average weight 8g fish the activity was similar in all three segments. In the digesta from the whole gut of smaller fish (av. wt. 0.2, 0.6 and 1.43g) neutral lipase and phospholipase activities increased with increasing body mass when expressed as per ml of digesta. It is concluded that fluorescence-based assays are applicable to the study of lipid digestion in fish of different size.