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北京地区草莓灰霉病菌对异菌脲的抗性及抗性分子机制 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
由灰葡萄孢(Botrytis cinerea Pers.)引起的草莓灰霉病是草莓上危害严重的病害之一。为了解北京地区草莓灰霉病菌对二甲酰亚胺类常用杀菌剂异菌脲的抗性,本研究采用最低抑制浓度法分别检测了2013年和2014年从北京地区15个草莓园采集的共计121株草莓灰霉病菌对异菌脲的抗性。结果表明,北京地区草莓灰霉病菌对异菌脲存在较高的抗性频率,2014年较2013年的抗性频率略有上升,由40.4%上升为45.3%。不同草莓园菌株的抗性频率差异很大,可能与用药水平有关。2014年的低抗、中抗和高抗菌株数分别占检测菌株总数的9.4%、28.1%和7.8%。利用PCR技术扩增编码组氨酸激酶基因BcOS1中与二甲酰亚胺抗性相关的区段,对抗性菌株的分子机制进行了初步研究,结果表明BcOS1基因第1 214位核苷酸发生了2类突变:以第Ⅰ类为主,菌株的抗性水平为中抗和高抗,由ATC突变为AGC,导致第365位氨基酸由异亮氨酸变为丝氨酸;第Ⅱ类菌株为低抗,由ATC突变AAC,导致第365位氨基酸由异亮氨酸变为天冬酰胺。 相似文献
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Torés Juan Antonio González María Dolores Pozo Eva Urdiales José Luis Medina Miguel Ángel Sánchez-Jiménez Francisca 《Phytoparasitica》1999,27(3):207-213
Chlorpheniramine (CPA) is an antihistaminic that changes the conformation of DNA and inhibits polyamine biosynthesis in mammalian
cells. In the present work, we tested the effect of CPA on four genera of fungi species (Altemaria alternata, Botrytis cinerea, Cladosporium cladosporioides and threePenicillium spp.) grownin vitro. Similar growth inhibitions of these genera were produced by 0.5 raM iprodione, CPA and histidinol, but CPA was the most effective.
The CPA sensitivities of the twoB. cinerea strains were different. Putrescine did not restore the fungal growth inhibited by CPA. 相似文献
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为提供异菌脲在草莓上登记的残留检测方法、降解规律的相关资料,并为制定这种农药在草莓上合理使用的相关标准提供依据,采用建立的固相萃取—毛细管气相色谱(SPE—CGC)分析方法,研究了50%异菌脲可湿性粉剂在春季温棚和夏季大棚草莓果实上的残留动态和最终残留量。本测定方法平均添加回收率为88.15%~112.96%之间,标准偏差0.77%~4.54%。试验表明,异菌脲在不同设施条件下草莓上的残留消解方程均符合一级动力学方程。另外,环境条件是影响异菌脲残留的重要因素;异菌脲大部分残留于果实表面,果内残留远低于全果残留;加倍剂量比推荐剂量残留量高,降解慢。 相似文献
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In field and laboratory experiments, enhanced degradation of the dicarboximide fungicides, iprodione and vinclozolin, was stimulated by only one application of the fungicides in a soil with no previous history of any pesticide input. Field and laboratory studies demonstrated the ease of stimulation by pre-treatment with even very low concentrations of the fungicides (0·5 μg g−1 soil) and at a range of temperatures and soil moisture conditions. Soils that had acquired full enhanced degradation could rapidly degrade fungicide applied at 30 times the recommended field rate. Cross-enhancement of degradation was noted with both fungicides, but not with their common metabolite, 3,5-dichloroaniline. Application of the antibiotics chloramphenicol or rifampicin to soil reduced enhanced degradation to control levels; cycloheximide had no effect. This, together with the inhibitory action of azide, mercuric chloride and repetitive microwaving, indicated that the agent(s) of enhanced degradation was probably bacterial. 相似文献
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定黄瓜及番茄中异菌脲残留 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用分散固相萃取(QuEChERS)为样品前处理方法,建立了超高效液相色谱-串联四极杆质谱(UPLC-MS/MS)快速同时检测黄瓜及番茄中异菌脲的残留分析方法。样品经乙腈提取,C18分散固相(dSPE)净化后,应用超高效液相色谱-电喷雾串联四级杆质谱仪,多反应监测模式(MRM)检测,外标法定量,结果显示,异菌脲在黄瓜和番茄基质中的线性关系良好,在0.02~1mg/L添加水平范围内,异菌脲在黄瓜和番茄中的平均回收率分别为82.7%~91.9%和89.8%~90.5%,相对标准偏差分别为4.7%~7.7%和4.8%~7.2%,最低检出浓度(LOQ)均为0.02mg/kg。 相似文献
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Genetic population structure and fungicide resistance of Botrytis cinerea in pear orchards in the Western Cape of South Africa 下载免费PDF全文
Botrytis cinerea isolates from pear blossoms (Pyrus communis) in South Africa were collected from four orchards in two production areas in the Western Cape. The cryptic species status based on vegetative‐incompatibility alleles of the Bc‐hch gene indicated that all the isolates belonged to B. cinerea. A microsatellite analysis of B. cinerea populations was performed to assess the genetic population structure. Total gene diversity (H) was high, with a mean of 0.69 across all populations. Some genotype flow was evident between orchards as indicated by the spread of microsatellite multilocus genotypes, in agreement with the moderate, but significant population differentiation among orchards (mean φPT = 0.118, P = 0.001). Index of association analyses (IA and r?d) suggest that the populations reproduce mostly asexually, even though mating type distribution did not differ significantly from a 1:1 ratio, suggesting frequency‐dependent selection. Isolates resistant to benomyl were evident in one orchard only. This orchard was also significantly differentiated from all other populations, suggesting infrequent localized selection for benomyl resistance. Overall, the findings of this study highlight the dangers of a mixed reproduction system, and stress the importance of regularly monitoring fungicide resistance levels towards developing more efficient management practices. 相似文献
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油菜菌核病菌对扑海因和菌核净敏感基线的建立及交互抗药性分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
在实验室条件下,对分离自安徽省凤阳、宣城、望江、肥西、旌德、太湖、合肥、蒙城、灵璧和巢湖等10个地区的油菜菌核病菌(Sclerotinia sclerotiorum)对扑海因和菌核净的敏感性进行测定。结果显示,扑海因对各供试菌株的抑制中浓度EC50值分布范围为0.096 2~0.438 1 mg.L-1,平均为0.217 6 mg.L-1;菌核净对各供试菌株的抑制中浓度EC50值分布范围为0.052 7~2.236 5 mg.L-1,平均为1.022 7 mg.L-1,各供试菌株对扑海因和菌核净仍较敏感,但各供试菌株对扑海因和菌核净的敏感程度地区间存在较大差异。扑海因和菌核净对各供试菌株的质量浓度EC值相关性分析表明,油菜菌核病菌对扑海因和菌核净的抗性或敏感性之间不存在交互作用。 相似文献
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惠州高尔夫球场天堂草叶疫病菌鉴定及防治药剂的初步筛选 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对广东惠州高尔夫球天堂草419号的叶疫病进行了病原鉴定及防治药剂的筛选研究,根据病草症状,分离菌培养性状及形态和致病性测定结果,诊断该病出夏威夷双极霉(Bipolarishawaiiensis)所致,扑海因,特克多,甲基托布津,多菌灵,代森猛锌,好生灵,百菌清等7种药剂的室内毒力测定结果表明,扑海因对病菌菌丝生长的抑制作用最强,代森猛锌次之,对病菌孢子萌发的抑制作用则以百菌清最好,代森猛锌次之。 相似文献