Social, economic and cultural perspectives of European inland fisheries: review of the EIFAC symposium on fisheries and society

The contributions presented at the EIFAC Symposium on Fisheries and Society in 2000 are reviewed. There have been considerable advances in many sectors of inland fisheries over the past decade. Nowadays the value of inland fisheries to society is generally better understood and increasingly recognized. However, it was recognized that the allocation of fishery resources and their management could still be made more effective through more extensive application of the recent approaches and techniques discussed during the Symposium and reviewed in the paper.     

我国中央山系东段演化及其对黄河河道及东平湖的影响

根据2603a有史记载以来黄河河道变迁和春秋以来东平湖演变历史，本文提出我国中央山系东段碰撞和松弛导致的地势上升和下降是影响黄河河道变迁和东平湖演变的重要因素。山系碰撞上升造成黄河河道向北西迁移，东平湖湿地北漫；山系松弛下降导致黄河河道向东南迁移，东平湖南泛。     

川北地区稻田养殖中华绒螯蟹试验初探

本试验在四川山间湿地利用农田0.62公顷养殖中华绒螯蟹，放养苗种为1272只(135只／667m^2)，个体均重7g／只左右，经160d饲养，捕获绒螯蟹875只，个体均重136．7g／只，回捕率为68.8％，饵料系数为2．45，同时水稻产量3529．7kg(375．5kg／667m^2)，其总收获利润为416元／667m^2。     

黑龙江流域中俄保护区现状及展望

黑龙江地处中俄边界，在流域内中俄积极开展保护合作。本文分析了中俄在黑龙江两侧的保护区类型、保护对象，结果表明黑龙江流域的众保护区具有共同的保护对象，保护区的类型也惊人的相似。这些相同相似之处对于中俄保护合作深入发展有重要义。     

沙土区薄壁连拱护岸墙试验与应用

沙土区薄壁连拱护岸墙为悬臂式支撑、薄壁连拱无底板结构，拱板中间采用无砂砼排水孔的钢筋砼肋形预制板，冲沉法施工，造价低廉；外形美观，抗倾、抗滑性能强。该墙为平原沙土区河道水土保持及修复找到了一条经济合理、施工方便、简便易行的护坡办法，具有较高的实用价值和广阔的推广使用前景。     

Inland commercial fisheries management in France

The French fisheries management regime is based on public and private ownership of fishing waters associated with a complex multilevel management system. A total of 730 operational commercial inland fisheries were examined by analysis of thematic interviews and questionnaires. Commercial fishermen are beginning to understand the nature of their own activity and its relationship to the concept of sustainable management. Nevertheless, fishermen have to face two major problems: first, they are poorly represented on decision making bodies where anglers are dominant, and secondly their activities are governed by two separate ministries. Opportunities for future development may lie in decision making at the catchment level.     

护坦与丁坝在林区沿河公路防护中的应用

研究分析了丁坝和护坦在沿河林区公路路基防护中的作用、防护原理、设置方法、应用条件和有效性问题。     

从土地覆盖变化看塔里木河中下游天然草地的退化

通过GIS技术和1990～2000年的TM影像图,分析了塔里木河中下游近10年的土地覆盖动态变化,结果显示:在塔里木河中下游地区,天然草地退化严重,高、中覆盖草地大幅减少,低覆盖草地的数量虽然增加但主要是流域河岸胡杨林群落退化后向荒漠灌丛草地演化的结果;而在自然环境更加恶劣的塔里木河下游地区,随着断流和地下水位的下降,天然草地正在向裸地和沙地演变。通过分析,提出了恢复塔里木河中下游天然草地的治理建议。     

Trends in NE Atlantic landings (southern Portugal): identifying the relative importance of fisheries and environmental variables

Time series of commercial landings from the Algarve (southern Portugal) from 1982 to 1999 were analyzed using min/max autocorrelation factor analysis (MAFA) and dynamic factor analysis (DFA). These techniques were used to identify trends and explore the relationships between the response variables (annual landings of 12 species) and explanatory variables [sea surface temperature, rainfall, an upwelling index, Guadiana river (south‐east Portugal) flow, the North Atlantic oscillation, the number of licensed fishing vessels and the number of commercial fishermen]. Landings were more highly correlated with non‐lagged environmental variables and in particular with Guadiana river flow. Both techniques gave coherent results, with the most important trend being a steady decline over time. A DFA model with two explanatory variables (Guadiana river flow and number of fishermen) and three common trends (smoothing functions over time) gave good fits to 10 of the 12 species. Results of other models indicated that river flow is the more important explanatory variable in this model. Changes in the mean flow and discharge regime of the Guadiana river resulting from the construction of the Alqueva dam, completed in 2002, are therefore likely to have a significant and deleterious impact on Algarve fisheries landings.     

通辽市湿地资源遥感调查

通辽市主要有五大水系,湿地面积广阔。近年来由于人口的增加和社会经济的发 展,对湿地破坏严重,使得湿地面积锐减,湿地功能下降,湿地生态环境恶化。文章运用了遥 感、GIS技术对通辽市湿地进行分析研究,简略提出其保护措施。