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2.
2001~2004年在齐齐哈尔市龙沙公园对黑鹳F2的5只雏鸟的人工孵化温度和湿度进行记录。并对人工育雏成活的雏鸟的一系列生长指标如:体重、体长、喙长、翅长、跗跖长和尾长等进行测量,探讨黑鹳体长、体重等生长指标生长变化规律。结果表明:黑鹳卵的前中期(1~29d)孵化温度为37.7℃,湿度为55%,后期(29~31d)出雏温度为37℃,相对湿度65%;育雏箱的温度前7d为37℃,以后以每天0.5℃幅度逐渐降低,箱内湿度保持在55%,20日龄后可在室温下饲养;黑鹳F2雏鸟各生长指标的增长呈Logistic曲线。 相似文献
3.
Incubation success and habitat selection of shore‐spawning kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka: effects of water‐level regulation and habitat characteristics 下载免费PDF全文
Changes to water‐level regimes have been known to restructure fish assemblages and interfere with the population dynamics of both littoral and pelagic species. The effect of altered water‐level regimes on shore‐spawning kokanee Oncorhynchus nerka incubation success was evaluated using a comprehensive in situ study in Lake Pend Oreille, ID, USA. Survival was not related to substrate size composition or depth, indicating that shore‐spawning kokanee do not currently receive a substrate‐mediated survival benefit from higher winter water levels. Substrate composition also did not differ among isobaths in the nearshore area. On average, the odds of an egg surviving to the preemergent stage were more than three times greater for sites in downwelling areas than those lacking downwelling. This study revealed that shoreline spawning habitat is not as limited as previously thought. Downwelling areas appear to contribute substantially to shore‐spawning kokanee recruitment. This research illustrates the value of rigorous in situ studies both for testing potential mechanisms underlying population trends and providing insight into spawning habitat selection. 相似文献
4.
S. Delin 《Soil Use and Management》2011,27(4):415-426
The nitrogen (N) fertilizer effect of layer hen and broiler manure applied at different times on spring barley yield was studied in seven Swedish field experiments during 2005–2008. Two experiments had parallel field incubations to study N release after fertilizer application. The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, except in a dry year, when the effect was very low. Although the relative proportions of ammonium N, uric acid N and other N differed between the hen and broiler manure, the effect of total N was similar for both. In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure, because of net immobilization and release, respectively. The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement value, corresponding to only 30–40% of total N, could be as a result of ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrow. Net N release from broiler manure lasted for 6–8 weeks after application, after which it generally ceased. In some cases, manure application in early spring gave better yield effects than application at sowing, probably because of better synchronization of the N release with crop N requirements. The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%. 相似文献
5.
Monsuru Oladimeji Abioja John Adesanya Abiona Obafemi Foluso Akinjute Henry T. Ojoawo 《Journal of animal physiology and animal nutrition》2021,105(4):715-724
Effect of extended storage on egg quality, embryo mortality and hatchability in FUNAAB-ɑ chickens was determined. Hatchable eggs (n = 288; weighing 53.2 ± 4.67 g) collected from a flock of FUNAAB-ɑ layer breeder hens aged 32 weeks were stored in egg tray with broad end up under 16 ± 1.5°C for either 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 or 20 d. Before incubation, eight eggs from each group were evaluated for internal and external quality traits. Remaining eggs were set in an incubator and transferred into hatcher on embryonic day 18. Data collected were subjected to one-way analysis of variance. Egg weight loss (EWL; p < .001), surface area (p < .001), yolk diameter (p < .001), inner and outer blastoderm diameters (p < .05) and dead in germ (DIG; p < .001) increased with storage duration while yolk height (p < .001), yolk index (p < .001), albumen weight (p < .05), albumen height (p < .05), albumen index (p < .01), Haugh's unit (HU; p < .05), fertility (p < .001), hatchability of set (HATCHS; p < .001) and fertile eggs (p < .05) decreased. Weight losses of 0, 1.2, 2.2, 3.4, 4.6 and 6.1% were recorded in egg stored for 0, 4, 8, 12, 16 and 20 days respectively. Eggs stored beyond 8 days exhibited higher DIG and lower HATCHS. Shell percentage in 4 days storage (11.4%) was lower (p < .05) than in 16 days storage (13.4%). Shell thickness was similar in eggs stored for 0 to 12 days, but 8 days storage (0.60 mm) had thinner (p < .01) shell than day 16 (0.71 mm) and day 20 (0.73 mm) storage. Internal quality unit (IQU) was higher (p < .05) in fresh eggs (180.4) than in 12 days (167.8) and 20 days (167.8) stored eggs. Extended storage of FUNAAB-ɑ eggs caused EWL, surface area shrinkage, lowered HU and IQU, loss of yolk and albumen quality, increased blastoderm diameters and DIG, and decreased egg fertility and HATCHS from day 8 forward. Storing FUNAAB-ɑ eggs beyond 8 days reduced quality parameters; therefore, other mitigating factors are recommended when storing beyond 8 days. 相似文献
6.
《Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis》2012,43(1-2):368-376
Assessing the nutrient status of low-input, low-fertility desert soils poses some unique challenges. Commonly used soil analysis procedures and resin capsules generally assess nutrient status of fertile agricultural soils. Ion-exchange resin capsules (Unibest Company, Bozeman, Mont.) provide a viable alternative. A study was conducted to determine effectiveness of resin capsules to extract low levels of nutrients applied to native soils. Loamy sand and sandy clay loam desert soils from Utah were treated with combinations of four rates of nitrogen (N) as ammonium nitrate (34–0–0), three rates of phosphorus (P) as phosphoric acid (0–72–0), and two rates of iron sulfate (FeSO4·7H2O) and zinc sulfate (ZnSO4·7H2O) (include an untreated control). Each soil treatment was implanted with a resin capsule placed into either 250 or 1000 cm3 of soil after addition of water equivalent to 50% field capacity and incubated for either 60 or 120 days at 25 °C. After the appropriate incubation time, capsules were washed and extracted using 2 M hydrochloric acid (HCl), and the extract was used to measure iron (Fe), ammonium (NH4)-N, nitrate (NO3)-N, sulfur (S), and zinc (Zn). Conventional soil tests were completed on incubated soils (60 or 120 days). Resin capsules reflected NH4-N and P fertilizer applied at low rates in the loamy sand but not in the sandy clay loam. Neither Fe nor Zn application was reflected in resin capsules, but the accompanying S was clearly quantified. In comparison to conventional soil test procedures, resin capsule NH4-N was clearly a better indicator than KCl-extractable NH4-N; resin capsule NO3-N was effective, but not as good an indicator as water extraction; and resin capsule P was reflective of soil applied P in loamy sand but not in sandy clay loam, whereas sodium bicarbonate was effective in both soils. Resin capsules show promise for use in low-input conditions, but additional understanding of interactions in variable soils is needed. 相似文献
7.
在土壤厌氧条件下发生的生物反硝化作用是影响作物对土壤氮素利用率和影响环境质量的重要氮素转化过程.本研究从土壤中分离到在好氧条件下也能进行反硝化的3株细菌.其中1株为严格好氧的异养菌,编号为AD26.另外2株为兼性菌,分别为AD7和AD60.根据其形态和生理生化特征初步鉴定为假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas sp.).在好氧培养的液体培养基中AD26和AD7在24h内能通过反硝化作用使硝态氮表观损失率分别达到21%和18%.而在好氧的土壤培养中,二个菌株在3 d内能使土壤中硝态氮表观损失率达到56%,同时少有反硝化中间产物的积累.因此,在农业生产中不应忽视在好氧条件下的生物反硝化作用. 相似文献
8.
9.
Concurrent measurements of net mineralization, nitrification, denitrification and leaching from field incubated soil cores 总被引:5,自引:0,他引:5
An improved method is described for incubating intact soil cores in the field, which permits concurrent measurement of net
mineralization, nitrification, denitrification and leaching. Cores were enclosed in PVC tubes with minimal disturbance to
the physical state or to the natural cycles of wetting/drying, soil temperature and aeration during an incubation lasting
4–5 days. An example of the application of the method is given in which soils with contrasting drainage characteristics were
compared. Over a 64-day experimental period, 58% of the mineralized nitrogen (N) in a freely drained soil was nitrified and
36% of the nitrate-N (NO3
–-N) was denitrified. In a poorly drained soil, 72% of the mineralized N was nitrified and 63% of the NO3
–-N was denitrified. In both soil types, 18% of the remaining NO3
–-N was leached. Rates of nitrification were significantly correlated with net mineralization (r
2=0.41 and 0.52) and also closely correlated with denitrification (r
2=0.67 and 0.68) in the freely and poorly drained soils, respectively. Independent measurements of these processes, using alternative
techniques (for the same period), compared favourably with measurements obtained with the improved incubation method. Adoption
of this method has a number of advantages with respect to field net N mineralization, and also allows interpretation of the
impact this may have on other N transformation processes.
Received: 18 June 1997 相似文献
10.