旱地驱动耙工作部件运动学分析及动态仿真

对旱地驱动耙的工作部件—刀齿进行运动分析。建立运动学模型及仿真模型，探讨了主要参数对耕作过程的影响，为旱地驱动耙的设计和分析提供理论依据。     

油葵联合收获机割台搅龙与链耙输送器关键部件设计

针对现有联合收获机割台搅龙向链耙输送器输送油葵时产生的回带和堵塞问题,对搅龙和链耙输送器关键部件进行优化,设计加工试验台架并进行了试验研究.单因素试验确定搅龙转速最优水平为170r·min-1、搅龙拨板倾角最优水平为12°,输送槽倾角和搅龙底板倾角最优水平为25°,刮板高度最优水平为50mm,输送间隙最优水平为25 mm.根据单因素试验结果搅龙转速、搅龙拨板倾角和输送槽倾角对输送效果影响较大,正交试验表明,影响输送效果的主次因素为输送槽倾角、搅龙转速、搅龙拨板倾角,最优参数组合为搅龙底板倾角和输送槽倾角均为25°,搅龙转速170r·min-1,搅龙拨板倾角12°;该条件下输送率为100％,籽粒脱落率不足0.6％,输送过程稳定可靠,不存在堵塞问题,完全满足油葵联合收获机的作业要求.     

小型水田驱动耙的设计

阐明了小型水田驱动耙的设计方法和依据，并对样机进行性能测试。测试结果表明：小型水田驱动耙的碎土率达７４．４９％，平整度为８２．５％，班次生产率达０．２６ｈｍ２／ｈ。提出小型水田驱动耙是解决水田整地机械化的有效途径之一。     

Influence of Land-Use Legacies Following Shrub Reduction and Seeding of Big Sagebrush Sites

Big sagebrush (Artemisia tridentata Nutt.) plant communities often require management to reduce shrub density and rehabilitate understory vegetation. We studied vegetation responses to a two-way chain harrow treatment and broadcast seeding of 12 herbaceous species at eight Wyoming big sagebrush (A. tridentata Nutt. subsp. wyomingensis Beetle & Young) sites. These sites differed in land-use history; five were cultivated for dryland wheat production during the 1950 ? 1980s and then seeded with introduced forage grasses (C-S), while three had not been exposed to this land-use legacy (non C-S). Our objective was to evaluate whether the C-S legacy influences the magnitude of vegetation change following contemporary treatment. Before treatment, C-S sites had lower sagebrush cover, higher dead sagebrush cover, and higher broom snakeweed (Gutierrezia sarothrae [Pursh] Britton & Rusby) cover than adjacent non C-S sites. Plant community change 3 years after treatment, determined with multivariate ordination analysis of species composition, varied between site histories, and response to treatment was most strongly correlated with reductions in sagebrush cover, increases in perennial grasses, and increases in 10 other herbaceous species—including some undesirable species and four that were seeded in 2010. Five years after treatment, mature sagebrush cover remained reduced for both land-use histories, yet density of sagebrush seedlings and broom snakeweed increased in C-S sites during the second and third years after treatment. In addition, perennial forb cover increased for C-S sites, while perennial grass biomass increased for non C-S sites. Our results emphasize that broad variability in plant community responses to sagebrush reduction and seeding is possible within the same ecological site classification and that legacy effects due to the combination of past cultivation and seeding should be considered when planning restoration projects, including the consideration that seeding may not always be necessary on C-S sites.     

Evidence of synergy with ‘stacked’ intrarow cultivation tools

Intrarow cultivation efficacy is often low and highly variable. As the mechanisms affecting weed mortality likely vary by tool, several companies have developed cultivators with the ability to use several different intrarow tools at once. We evaluated the potential for such ‘stacking’ of cultivation tools to increase efficacy. We used different sequences of torsion weeders, finger weeders and row harrows in a test crop of maize with surrogate weeds, Sinapis alba and Panicum miliaceum. Most tool combinations resulted in an additive increase in efficacy compared with the individual tools, but the combination of torsion–finger–row harrow demonstrated a synergistic increase in efficacy. In separate experiments, forward speed, soil moisture and weed size were negatively correlated with efficacy, but the torsion–finger–row harrow combination continued to demonstrate a synergistic increase in efficacy compared with the individual tools in 7 of 11 cases. The drawback was high crop mortality (16.0 ± 1.16%); further mechanistic research is needed to reduce crop mortality while maintaining high mean efficacy, through tool design, adjustment and cultural factors.     

链耙式残膜回收与茎秆粉碎联合作业机设计

针对新疆现阶段农业生产中农膜污染日益严重、回收治理缺乏有效手段的情况,设计了1种链耙式残膜回收与茎秆粉碎联合作业机,主要用于作物秋收后回收当年残膜与茎秆粉碎还田.田间生产试验表明:机具结构设计合理,可实现一机多用,提高机具利用率与生产效率;但秸秆残茬抛送与退膜辊清退残膜方面仍存在缺陷,需在后续工作中持续改进.     

独立圆盘耙单体排列参数对秸秆堵塞影响研究

为对秸秆覆盖混埋还田耕整地技术模式进行深入研究,需要研发配套圆盘耙联合整地机具,机具研发过程中首先要解决受秸秆影响的堵塞问题.通过进行影响因素的单因素试验和3因素3水平正交试验,探索独立连接圆盘耙单体排列参数对秸秆堵塞问题的影响规律.通过单因素试验确定对应机具通过性评分为3分的三个因素临界值:耙片间距为275 mm,横...     

Ergebnisse zur bodenverlagerung durch bearbeitungserosion in der jungmoränenlandschaft Nordostdeutschlands: Investigations of soil movement by tillage as a type of soil erosion in the young moraine soil landscape of Northeast Germany

Soil translocation by soil tillage can have a considerable importance on arable land. These results were published in the international literature. The aim of the experiments is to quantify the translocation of soil due to tillage with different typical tools. A mouldboard plough and a disc harrow were tested in field experiments on a slope (4° inclination) with sandy soil. The average movement of soil particles of the top soil was determined about the changed tracer concentration. The tracer coloured gravels were most suitable of all tested tracer. The comparison of the tools showed more soil translocation caused by mouldboard plough (145?kg) than by disc harrow (12?kg). The transport was also different: plough 0.50?m and disc harrow 0.11?m average distance.     

Effect of stale seedbed preparations and subsequent weed control in lettuce (cv. Iceboll) on weed densities

The effects of stale seedbed preparations and several weed control methods on the emergence of weeds in lettuce were studied. The specific goal was to evaluate the use of a stale seedbed in combination with chemical or mechanical weed control methods in the field. Depending on location and year, stale seedbed preparations followed by weed control prior to planting reduced the amount of weeds during crop growth by 43–83%. Control of the emerged seedlings after a stale seedbed preparation was more effective with glyphosate than with a rotary harrow. Covering the rotary harrow during control to prevent light reaching the soil improved its effect on the weed density during crop growth in two of 3 years. Radiation with far red light (FR) did not reduce the number of emerging weeds in this study. Mechanical control by finger weeder, torsion weeder and hoe was applied without stale seedbed preparations. These measures reduced the weed densities by 88–99%, compared with the untreated control and were more effective than chemical weed control with carbetamide and chlorpropham. The results show that the stale seedbed technique in combination with mechanical control of emerging weeds can reduce the weed population during crop growth as effectively as chemical control. The technique may therefore help reduce the use of herbicides in lettuce crops in the future.     

动力立式旋转耙的性能研究

本文以试验的方法,对动力旋转耙进行了较为全面的分析和探讨,通过与其它整地机具在作业速度、功率消耗、生产效率及作业质量等方面的对比分析,对动力(?)转耙在我国的适用性和开发潜力得出了初步的结论。